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@ARTICLE{Wallis:905543,
      author       = {Wallis, David and Harris, Joe and Böhm, Corinna F. and
                      Wang, Di and Zavattieri, Pablo and Feldner, Patrick and
                      Merle, Benoit and Pipich, Vitaliy and Hurle, Katrin and
                      Leupold, Simon and Hansen, Lars N. and Marin, Frédéric and
                      Wolf, Stephan E.},
      title        = {{P}rogressive changes in crystallographic textures of
                      biominerals generate functionally graded ceramics},
      journal      = {Materials advances},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2633-5409},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-00784},
      pages        = {1527},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Biomineralizing organisms are widely praised for their
                      ability to generate structural materials with exceptional
                      crystallographic control. While earlier studies highlighted
                      near-to single-crystalline biominerals, complex
                      polycrystalline features are more widespread yet challenging
                      to account for. Here, we propose that biominerals whose
                      crystal texture varies with depth are functionally graded
                      materials. Using the exemplary case of the nacro-prismatic
                      pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, we demonstrate
                      systematic textural changes in a biogenic ceramic. This
                      bivalve employs three synergistic mechanisms to generate a
                      texture gradient across its outer calcitic shell layer. This
                      prismatic layer transitions from an initially
                      weakly-textured to a strongly-textured material. Such
                      changes in texture cause a variation in Young's modulus
                      normal to the shell, owing to the anisotropic mechanical
                      properties of the composing crystallites. Based on
                      finite-element simulations and indentation experiments on
                      the bivalve shell, we conclude that such graded bioceramics
                      yield intrinsic toughening properties similar to those found
                      in compositionally-graded synthetic materials.
                      Notwithstanding, the gradation concept of Pinctada
                      margaritifera is unparalleled among synthetic materials as
                      it rests solely upon elastic anisotropy, making oyster
                      shells potential blueprints for future bioinspired
                      functional materials and damage-resistant ceramics.},
      cin          = {JCNS-4 / JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1 / MLZ / IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-4-20201012 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-588b)4597118-3 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4) / 632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and
                      Functional Materials (POF4-632)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS3-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000739565700001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D1MA01031J},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/905543},
}