000905771 001__ 905771 000905771 005__ 20220131120342.0 000905771 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/30509 000905771 037__ $$aFZJ-2022-00994 000905771 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBethlehem, Richard AI$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000905771 245__ $$aBraincharts for the human lifespan 000905771 260__ $$c2021 000905771 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)25$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aPreprint$$bpreprint$$mpreprint$$s1643027333_6536 000905771 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aWORKING_PAPER 000905771 3367_ $$028$$2EndNote$$aElectronic Article 000905771 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$apreprint 000905771 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000905771 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Working Paper 000905771 520__ $$aOver the past 25 years, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, there are no reference standards against which to anchor measures of individual differences in brain morphology, in contrast to growth charts for traits such as height and weight. Here, we built an interactive online resource (www.brainchart.io) to quantify individual differences in brain structure from any current or future magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, against models of expected age-related trends. With the goal of basing these on the largest and most inclusive dataset, we aggregated MRI data spanning 115 days post-conception through 100 postnatal years, totaling 122,123 scans from 100,071 individuals in over 100 studies across 6 continents. When quantified as centile scores relative to the reference models, individual differences show high validity with non-MRI brain growth estimates and high stability across longitudinal assessment. Centile scores helped identify previously unreported brain developmental milestones and demonstrated increased genetic heritability compared to non-centiled MRI phenotypes. Crucially for the study of brain disorders, centile scores provide a standardised and interpretable measure of deviation that reveals new patterns of neuroanatomical differences across neurological and psychiatric disorders emerging during development and ageing. In sum, brain charts for the human lifespan are an essential first step towards robust, standardised quantification of individual variation and for characterizing deviation from age-related trends. Our global collaborative study … 000905771 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251$$a5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability (POF4-525)$$cPOF4-525$$fPOF IV$$x0 000905771 7001_ $$aSeidlitz, Jakob$$b1 000905771 7001_ $$aWhite, Simon R$$b2 000905771 7001_ $$aVogel, Jacob W$$b3 000905771 7001_ $$aAnderson, Kevin M$$b4 000905771 7001_ $$aAdamson, Chris$$b5 000905771 7001_ $$aAdler, Sophie$$b6 000905771 7001_ $$aAlexopoulos, George S$$b7 000905771 7001_ $$aAnagnostou, Evdokia$$b8 000905771 7001_ $$aAreces-Gonzalez, Ariosky$$b9 000905771 7001_ $$aAstle, Duncan E$$b10 000905771 7001_ $$aAuyeung, Bonnie$$b11 000905771 7001_ $$aAyub, Muhammad$$b12 000905771 7001_ $$aBall, Gareth$$b13 000905771 7001_ $$aBaron-Cohen, Simon$$b14 000905771 7001_ $$aBeare, Richard$$b15 000905771 7001_ $$aBedford, Saashi A$$b16 000905771 7001_ $$aBenegal, Vivek$$b17 000905771 7001_ $$aBeyer, Frauke$$b18 000905771 7001_ $$aBae, Jong Bin$$b19 000905771 7001_ $$aBlangero, John$$b20 000905771 7001_ $$aCabez, Manuel 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Brigitte$$b96 000905771 7001_ $$aLee, Subin$$b97 000905771 7001_ $$aLerch, Jason$$b98 000905771 7001_ $$aLewis, John D$$b99 000905771 7001_ $$aLi, Jiao$$b100 000905771 7001_ $$aLiao, Wei$$b101 000905771 7001_ $$aLinares, Deirel P$$b102 000905771 7001_ $$aListon, Conor$$b103 000905771 7001_ $$aLombardo, Michael V$$b104 000905771 7001_ $$aLv, Jinglei$$b105 000905771 7001_ $$aLynch, Charles$$b106 000905771 7001_ $$aMallard, Travis T$$b107 000905771 7001_ $$aMarcelis, Machteld$$b108 000905771 7001_ $$aMarkello, Ross D$$b109 000905771 7001_ $$aMazoyer, Bernard$$b110 000905771 7001_ $$aMcGuire, Philip$$b111 000905771 7001_ $$aMeaney, Michael J$$b112 000905771 7001_ $$aMechelli, Andrea$$b113 000905771 7001_ $$aMedic, Nenad$$b114 000905771 7001_ $$aMisic, Bratislav$$b115 000905771 7001_ $$aMorgan, Sarah E$$b116 000905771 7001_ $$aMothersill, David$$b117 000905771 7001_ $$aNigg, Joel$$b118 000905771 7001_ $$aOng, Marcus QW$$b119 000905771 7001_ $$aOrtinau, Cynthia$$b120 000905771 7001_ 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