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@INPROCEEDINGS{Liu:905814,
      author       = {Liu, Diran and Hering, Dominik and Carta, Daniele and
                      Xhonneux, Andre and Muller, Dirk and Benigni, Andrea},
      title        = {{A} {H}ardware-in-the-{L}oop {C}o-simulation of
                      {M}ulti-modal {E}nergy {S}ystem for {C}ontrol {V}alidation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01034},
      pages        = {1-6},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In this paper, we present a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)
                      co-simulation framework to test multi-modal energy systems.
                      The framework has been tested using as an example a section
                      of the Living Lab Energy Campus (LLEC) of the
                      Forshungszentrum Jülich (DE). A master algorithm has been
                      developed to orchestrate the two components of the
                      co-simulation platform: the real-time simulation of the
                      power network running on OPAL-RT, and the real-time
                      simulation of the low-temperature district heating (LTDH)
                      network using Functional Mock-up Units (FMU) on a custom
                      cluster. The master algorithm also coordinates the exchange
                      of information between the real-time simulators and the
                      device under test. The device under test is composed of a
                      cloud-based model predictive control (MPC) - that operates
                      on the heat pumps in the LTDH network - and an MQTT broker.
                      The results show the co-simulation is successful and the
                      framework can validate the control algorithm.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2021-10-13},
      organization  = {IECON 2021 - 47th Annual Conference of
                       the IEEE Industrial Electronics
                       Society, Toronto (ON), 13 Oct 2021 - 16
                       Oct 2021},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1123 - Smart Areas and Research Platforms (POF4-112) / 1122
                      - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future Energy
                      Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1123 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      pubmed       = {WOS:000767230603162},
      UT           = {WOS:000767230603162},
      doi          = {10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589743},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/905814},
}