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@ARTICLE{Hassanian:906014,
      author       = {Hassanian, Reza and Riedel, Morris and Yeganeh, Nashmin and
                      Unnthorsson, Runar},
      title        = {{A} {P}ractical {A}pproach for {E}stimating the {O}ptimum
                      {T}ilt {A}ngle of a {P}hotovoltaic {P}anel for a {L}ong
                      {P}eriod—{E}xperimental {R}ecorded {D}ata},
      journal      = {Solar},
      volume       = {1},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2673-9941},
      address      = {Basel, Switzerland},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01179},
      pages        = {41 - 51},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In this study, recorded empirical data were applied with a
                      practical approach to investigate the optimal tilt angle of
                      the flat plate collectors facing south for a long period in
                      Tehran, Iran. The data included 20 years of recorded average
                      total radiation on the horizontal plane in Tehran’s
                      meteorological station. Based on the previous studies, the
                      annual optimum tilt angle for Tehran was estimated at 33
                      degrees annually; however, this estimation does not focus on
                      the energy absorption and effectiveness of changing the tilt
                      angle monthly, seasonally, and bi-annually via measured
                      data. This paper aims to explain this distinction between
                      various radiation receptions with different tilt angle
                      adjustments. This study shows that annual solar cumulative
                      radiation energy gained via a monthly tilt angle can be
                      approximately $7\%$ higher than that achieved with an annual
                      tilt angle setup. Additionally, the seasonal and bi-annual
                      tilt angles have about $6\%$ more annual cumulative
                      radiation absorption than the annual tilt angle setup.
                      Moreover, with consideration of similar monthly received
                      radiation, the results illustrate that the radiation gained
                      with a monthly tilt angle set up was $20\%$ greater in the
                      summer months than an annual tilt angle adjustment.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5112 - Cross-Domain Algorithms, Tools, Methods Labs (ATMLs)
                      and Research Groups (POF4-511) / RAISE - Research on AI- and
                      Simulation-Based Engineering at Exascale (951733) / EUROCC -
                      National Competence Centres in the framework of EuroHPC
                      (951732)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5112 / G:(EU-Grant)951733 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)951732},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001550212400001},
      doi          = {10.3390/solar1010005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/906014},
}