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@PHDTHESIS{Charlesworth:906357,
      author       = {Charlesworth, Edward Joseph},
      title        = {{M}odeling and {D}iagnosis of the {S}tratospheric
                      {C}irculation},
      volume       = {563},
      school       = {Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01386},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-605-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Energie
                      $\&$ Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {v, 103, A2 S.},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {Universität Wuppertal, Diss., 2021},
      abstract     = {The transport of chemical species in the stratosphere has
                      major impacts on a variety of ecologically-relevant
                      phenomena. Ozone distributions, for example, reduce incoming
                      ultraviolet solar radiation and thereby increase the
                      viability of life on thesurface of the Earth, whereas water
                      distributions are known to have impacts on the surface
                      radiative balance. These (and other) chemical distributions
                      are often interrelated, such as how water vapor provides the
                      primary source of ozone-destroying hydrogen species in the
                      stratosphere, whereas ozone and water vapor concentrations
                      both play roles in the tropical tropopause radiative balance
                      and thereby affect incoming water vapor mixing ratios. This
                      complexity of interaction presents a challenge in the
                      understanding and modeling of the stratosphere and the
                      transport of chemicals within it. This dissertation presents
                      work which is aimed towards improving both the understanding
                      and modeling of stratospheric transport and is presented in
                      three parts. In the first part, passive tracer transport is
                      used to assess the time scales of stratospheric transport in
                      the absence of non-conserving chemical or other loss
                      processes and in the context of climate model simulations.
                      More particularly, transport timescale distributions are
                      compared between two transport schemes – one Eulerian and
                      the other Lagrangian – which are driven by the same model
                      simulation. The results of this work show that the two
                      transport schemes produce very different transport
                      timescales around many key features of the stratosphere. The
                      Lagrangian model shows slower transport in most of the
                      stratosphere and shows evidence which suggests that it
                      should produce stronger gradients in tracers, in comparison
                      to the Eulerian model, in many locations where strong
                      gradients are expected from observations for a variety of
                      chemical species. In the second part, the modeling
                      experiments from the first part are extended to include
                      water vapor transport. The results of this work show that
                      the Lagrangian model transports much less water vapor into
                      the stratosphere than the Eulerian transport model,
                      particularly in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere.
                      This region shows differences of a factor of two or more (up
                      to five), which raises significant questions about the
                      reliability of current model representations of water vapor
                      in the upper-troposphere lower-stratosphere region and the
                      radiative effects thereof. Furthermore, the water vapor
                      distributions of both transport models were used to drive
                      radiation calculations in two different simulations, for
                      which differences of up to 10 Kelvin in the extratropical
                      lowermost stratosphere were found. [...]},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2022040516},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/906357},
}