% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{KhanAnkur:906805,
      author       = {Khan Ankur, Atiquzzaman and Kraus, Stefan and Grube, Thomas
                      and Castro, Rui and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{A} {V}ersatile {M}odel for {E}stimating the {F}uel
                      {C}onsumption of a {W}ide {R}ange of {T}ransport {M}odes},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01703},
      pages        = {2232 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The importance of a flexible and comprehensive vehicle fuel
                      consumption model cannot be understated for understanding
                      the implications of the modal changes currently occurring in
                      the transportation sector. In this study, a model is
                      developed to determine the tank-to-wheel energy demand for
                      passenger and freight transportation within Germany for
                      different modes of transport. These modes include light-duty
                      vehicles (LDVs), heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), airplanes,
                      trains, ships, and unmanned aviation. The model further
                      estimates future development through 2050. Utilizing
                      standard driving cycles, backward-looking longitudinal
                      vehicle models are employed to determine the energy demand
                      for all on-road vehicle modes. For non-road vehicle modes,
                      energy demand from the literature is drawn upon to develop
                      the model. It is found that various vehicle parameters exert
                      different effects on vehicle energy demand, depending on the
                      driving scenario. Public transportation offers the most
                      energy-efficient means of travel in the forms of battery
                      electric buses (33.9 MJ/100 pkm), battery electric coaches
                      (21.3 MJ/100 pkm), fuel cell electric coaches (32.9 MJ/100
                      pkm), trams (43.3 MJ/100 pkm), and long-distance electric
                      trains (31.8 MJ/100 pkm). International shipping (9.9 MJ/100
                      tkm) is the most energy-efficient means of freight
                      transport. The electrification of drivetrains and the
                      implementation of regenerative braking show large potential
                      for fuel consumption reduction, especially in urban areas.
                      Occupancy and loading rates for vehicles play a critical
                      role in determining the energy demand per
                      passenger-kilometer for passenger modes, and tonne-kilometer
                      for freight modes.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)
                      / 1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000775521700001},
      doi          = {10.3390/en15062232},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/906805},
}