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@ARTICLE{Brahim:906836,
      author       = {Brahim, Nadhem and Ibrahim, Hatem and Mlih, Rawan and
                      Bouajila, Abdelhakim and Karbout, Nissaf and Bol, Roland},
      title        = {{S}oil {OC} and {N} {S}tocks in the {S}aline {S}oil of
                      {T}unisian {G}ataaya {O}asis {E}ight {Y}ears after
                      {A}pplication of {M}anure and {C}ompost},
      journal      = {Land},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2073-445X},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01730},
      pages        = {442 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Soil organic matter plays an important role in improving
                      soil properties, crop productivity and is a key constituent
                      and driver of the global carbon cycle. Nevertheless,
                      relatively limited quantitative information is available on
                      the organic carbon (OC) stocks and the actual potentials for
                      OC and total nitrogen (N) sequestration under arid cropping
                      systems. In this study, we evaluated the immediate and
                      long-term (after eight years) effects of compost or manure
                      additions, at a rate of 100 t ha−1, on the soil OC and N
                      stocks in the Gataaya oasis in Southern Tunisia. The oasis
                      had been abandoned and no additions had taken place in the
                      10 years prior to experiment. Soil samples were taken
                      systematically every 10 cm up to a depth of 50 cm. After
                      adding compost (CMP) and manure (MAN) in 2013, the bulk
                      density (BD) decreased in the surface layers, especially at
                      the 0–10 cm soil layer where it declined from 1.53 g
                      cm−3 to 1.38 g cm−3 under compost and 1.41 g cm−3
                      under manure. Soil OC and N stocks, however, increased after
                      adding compost and manure. Manure contributed more to OC
                      stock increase than compost, with +337 and $+241\%,$
                      respectively. Correspondingly, the N stock increased by + 47
                      and $+12\%,$ respectively, due to manure and compost. After
                      four years, compared to 2013 stocks, the decrease in OC
                      stock was almost identical with −43 (CMP) and $−41\%$
                      (MAN). However, N stock seemed more stable under compost
                      compared to manure, with −2 and $−19\%,$ respectively.
                      After eight years, the N stock remained higher in the
                      deepest layer 30–50 cm compared to other layers. This
                      suggested that high gypsum application can inhibit N
                      mineralization. The initial enhanced OC stock after the
                      organic amendment, both for compost and for manure, was very
                      quickly lost and after eight years had virtually returned to
                      the initial OC state by the end of the eight years.
                      Therefore, these oasis ecosystems require a near annual
                      supply of exogenous organic material to maintain OC at an
                      enhanced level. After eight years, manure amendment was
                      found to be better than compost for increasing soil OC (3.16
                      against 1.86 t/ha, respectively) and for increasing N (0.35
                      against 0.18 t/ha, respectively). However, the cost and
                      availability make the amendment with compost more
                      interesting in oasis (400 Tunisian dinars/t for compost
                      against 1016 Tunisian dinars/t for manure).},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000775149300001},
      doi          = {10.3390/land11030442},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/906836},
}