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000906981 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)176282$$aKorcsak-Gorzo, Agnes$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000906981 245__ $$aCortical oscillations support sampling-based computations in spiking neural networks
000906981 260__ $$aSan Francisco, Calif.$$bPublic Library of Science$$c2022
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000906981 520__ $$aBeing permanently confronted with an uncertain world, brains have faced evolutionary pressure to represent this uncertainty in order to respond appropriately. Often, this requires visiting multiple interpretations of the available information or multiple solutions to an encountered problem. This gives rise to the so-called mixing problem: since all of these “valid” states represent powerful attractors, but between themselves can be very dissimilar, switching between such states can be difficult. We propose that cortical oscillations can be effectively used to overcome this challenge. By acting as an effective temperature, background spiking activity modulates exploration. Rhythmic changes induced by cortical oscillations can then be interpreted as a form of simulated tempering. We provide a rigorous mathematical discussion of this link and study some of its phenomenological implications in computer simulations. This identifies a new computational role of cortical oscillations and connects them to various phenomena in the brain, such as sampling-based probabilistic inference, memory replay, multisensory cue combination, and place cell flickering.
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000906981 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMüller, Michael G.$$b1
000906981 7001_ $$00000-0002-9374-2729$$aBaumbach, Andreas$$b2
000906981 7001_ $$00000-0002-9344-8589$$aLeng, Luziwei$$b3
000906981 7001_ $$00000-0002-1477-9110$$aBreitwieser, Oliver J.$$b4
000906981 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)138512$$avan Albada, Sacha J.$$b5
000906981 7001_ $$00000-0003-3622-0497$$aSenn, Walter$$b6
000906981 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMeier, Karlheinz$$b7
000906981 7001_ $$00000-0002-8724-5507$$aLegenstein, Robert$$b8
000906981 7001_ $$00000-0003-2632-0427$$aPetrovici, Mihai A.$$b9
000906981 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2193340-6$$a10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009753$$gVol. 18, no. 3, p. e1009753 -$$p3, 1-41$$tPLoS Computational Biology$$v18$$x1553-734X$$y2022
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