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@ARTICLE{Althaus:907013,
      author       = {Althaus, Philipp and Redder, Florian and Ubachukwu, Eziama
                      and Mork, Maximilian and Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{E}nhancing {B}uilding {M}onitoring and {C}ontrol for
                      {D}istrict {E}nergy {S}ystems: {T}echnology {S}election and
                      {I}nstallation within the {L}iving {L}ab {E}nergy {C}ampus},
      journal      = {Applied Sciences},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {2076-3417},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01809},
      pages        = {3305 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {With regard to climate change, it is imperative to reduce
                      greenhouse gas emissions. Onesolution approach is to
                      increase energy efficiency in buildings. Buildings
                      contribute a high share ofthe total global energy usage. As
                      the rate of new building constructions is low, measures
                      applicableto existing buildings become paramount. Before
                      applying new approaches on a large scale, it isnecessary to
                      evaluate them in a representative, realistic environment.
                      Living labs such as the LivingLab Energy Campus (LLEC) at
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) facilitate innovative
                      monitoring andcontrol approaches in a real-world setting. In
                      this work, we investigate the required steps for
                      bringingsensor and control networks, comprising more than
                      1800 devices, into 18 existing and new buildings.This
                      enables both room-level monitoring and control, as well as
                      the integration of building-wideautomation. By introducing
                      an ICT infrastructure, we pave the way towards holistic
                      approaches on adistrict level. We describe the workflows
                      used for selected instrumentation variants and show
                      firstinsights from the operation of the resulting
                      infrastructure. We show that the investigated
                      instrumen-tation variants exhibit similar characteristics;
                      however, they affect control behavior differently.
                      Weemphasize that instrumentation should be planned in the
                      context of existing infrastructure. Moreover,we present and
                      evaluate sample measurements obtained from different
                      buildings},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1123 - Smart Areas and Research Platforms (POF4-112) /
                      Forschungs- und Demonstrations-Projekt 'LLEC::JuPilot'
                      (03EK3047) / EG2050: LLEC-Verwaltungsbau: Klimaneutraler
                      Verwaltungsbau als aktiver Teil des Living Lab Energy Campus
                      (LLEC) (03EGB0010A) / EnOB: LLEC: Living Lab Energy Campus
                      (03ET1551A) / LLEC - Living Lab Energy Campus
                      (LLEC-2018-2023)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1123 / G:(BMBF)03EK3047 / G:(BMWi)03EGB0010A
                      / G:(BMWi)03ET1551A / G:(DE-HGF)LLEC-2018-2023},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000781116100001},
      doi          = {10.3390/app12073305},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/907013},
}