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@ARTICLE{Hoseinpur:907231,
      author       = {Hoseinpur, Arman and Andersson, Stefan and Müller, Michael
                      and Tang, Kai and Safarian, Jafar},
      title        = {{B}oron {R}emoval {F}rom {S}ilicon {M}elt by {G}as
                      {B}lowing {T}echnique},
      journal      = {High temperature materials and processes},
      volume       = {41},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0334-6455},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {de Gruyter},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01910},
      pages        = {69 - 91},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Due to the detrimental effects of boron (B) on the
                      efficiency of silicon (Si) photovoltaic cells, complete
                      boron removal from Si is necessary to produce solar grade Si
                      (SoG–Si, with a maximum limit of 0.1 ppmw boron). Gas
                      refining is a promising technique for boron removal from Si,
                      in which the thermodynamic equilibrium never establishes.
                      Hence, by starting from any B concentration in the melt, the
                      required limit for SoG–Si will be achieved. This research
                      is devoted to studying the refractory interactions’ effect
                      with melt and the chamber atmosphere on boron removal. For
                      this purpose, gas refining experiments were carried out in
                      alumina and graphite crucibles with H2 and $H2–3\%$ H2O
                      refining gases. Gas refining in Ar, He, and continuous
                      vacuuming conditions were also carried out to study the
                      effect of chamber atmosphere. The gas refining results are
                      supported by the characterization of the evaporated species
                      by molecular beam mass spectroscopy (MBMS) technique. The
                      MBMS measurements indicated that the boron evaporation
                      occurs by the formation of the volatile species BH x , BO y
                      , and B z H x O y compounds. Most of these compounds are
                      already known in the literature. However, HBO, HBOH, and
                      AlBO (in the case of alumina refractories) were measured
                      experimentally in this work. Results indicate that the
                      evaporation of B in the form of AlBO x compounds leads to
                      higher mass transfer coefficients for boron removal in
                      alumina crucibles. Density-functional theory (DFT) and
                      coupled cluster calculations are carried out to provide a
                      thermodynamic database for the gaseous compounds in the
                      H–B–O–Al system, including enthalpy, entropy, and C P
                      values for 21 compounds.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1243 - Thermal Energy Storage (POF4-124)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000764259500001},
      doi          = {10.1515/htmp-2022-0011},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/907231},
}