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@ARTICLE{Catelani:907277,
      author       = {Catelani, Gianluigi and Li, Kaicheng and Axline,
                      Christopher James and Brecht, Teresa and Frunzio, Luigi and
                      Schoelkopf, Robert and Glazman, Leonid},
      title        = {{A}c losses in field-cooled type {I} superconducting
                      cavities},
      journal      = {Superconductor science and technology},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {0953-2048},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01939},
      pages        = {065016},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {As superconductors are cooled below their critical
                      temperature, stray magnetic flux can become trapped in
                      regions that remain normal. The presence of trapped flux
                      facilitates dissipation of ac current in a superconductor,
                      leading to losses in superconducting elements of microwave
                      devices. In type II superconductors, dissipation is
                      well-understood in terms of the dynamics of vortices hosting
                      a single flux quantum. In contrast, the ac response of type
                      I superconductors with trapped flux has not received much
                      attention. Building on Andreev's early work (Andreev 1967
                      Sov. Phys. JETP 24 1019), here we show theoretically that
                      the dominant dissipation mechanism is the absorption of the
                      ac field at the exposed surfaces of the normal regions,
                      while the deformation of the superconducting/normal
                      interfaces is unimportant. We use the developed theory to
                      estimate the degradation of the quality factors in
                      field-cooled cavities, and we satisfactorily compare these
                      theoretical estimates to the measured field dependence of
                      the quality factors of two aluminum cavities. We also
                      identify a regime in which the dissipated power depends
                      weakly on the Ginzburg-Landau parameter; this makes it
                      possible to apply our findings to cavities made of other
                      materials, such as niobium.},
      cin          = {PGI-11},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-11-20170113},
      pnm          = {5222 - Exploratory Qubits (POF4-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5222},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000790546300001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1361-6668/ac636d},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/907277},
}