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@ARTICLE{Zippel:907382,
      author       = {Zippel, Claus and Ermert, Johannes and Patt, Marianne and
                      Gildehaus, Franz Josef and Ross, Tobias L. and Reischl,
                      Gerald and Kuwert, Torsten and Solbach, Christoph and
                      Neumaier, Bernd and Kiss, Oliver and Mitterhauser, Markus
                      and Wadsak, Wolfgang and Schibli, Roger and Kopka, Klaus},
      title        = {{C}yclotrons {O}perated for {N}uclear {M}edicine and
                      {R}adiopharmacy in the {G}erman {S}peaking {D}-{A}-{CH}
                      {C}ountries: {A}n {U}pdate on {C}urrent {S}tatus and
                      {T}rends},
      journal      = {Frontiers in nuclear medicine},
      volume       = {2},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02003},
      pages        = {850414},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Background: Cyclotrons form a central infrastructure and
                      are a resource of medical radionuclides for the development
                      of new radiotracers as well as the production and supply of
                      clinically established radiopharmaceuticals for patient care
                      in nuclear medicine.Aim: To provide an updated overview of
                      the number and characteristics of cyclotrons that are
                      currently in use within radiopharmaceutical sciences and for
                      the development of radiopharmaceuticals to be used for
                      patient care in Nuclear Medicine in Germany (D), Austria (A)
                      and Switzerland (CH).Methods: Publicly available information
                      on the cyclotron infrastructure was (i) consolidated and
                      updated, (ii) supplemented by selective desktop research
                      and, last but not least, (iii) validated by members of the
                      committee of the academic “Working Group Radiochemistry
                      and Radiopharmacy” (AGRR), consisting of radiochemists and
                      radiopharmacists of the D-A-CH countries and belonging to
                      the German Society of Nuclear Medicine (DGN), as well as the
                      Radiopharmaceuticals Committee of the DGN.Results: In total,
                      42 cyclotrons were identified that are currently being
                      operated for medical radionuclide production for imaging and
                      therapy in Nuclear Medicine clinics, 32 of them in Germany,
                      4 in Austria and 6 in Switzerland. Two thirds of the
                      cyclotrons reported $(67\%)$ are operated by universities,
                      university hospitals or research institutions close to a
                      university hospital, less by/in cooperation with industrial
                      partners $(29\%)$ or a non-academic clinic/ PET-center
                      $(5\%).$ Most of the cyclotrons $(88\%)$ are running with up
                      to 18 MeV proton beams, which is sufficient for the
                      production of the currently most common cyclotron-based
                      radionuclides for PET imaging.Discussion: The data presented
                      provide an academically-updated overview of the medical
                      cyclotrons operated for the production of
                      radiopharmaceuticals and their use in Nuclear Medicine in
                      the D-A-CH countries. In this context, we discuss current
                      developments and trends with a view to the cyclotron
                      infrastructure in these countries, with a specific focus on
                      organizational aspects.},
      cin          = {INM-5},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-5-20090406},
      pnm          = {5253 - Neuroimaging (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5253},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {39354976},
      UT           = {WOS:001376880800001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnume.2022.850414},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/907382},
}