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@ARTICLE{Han:907672,
      author       = {Han, Chengyuan and Witthaut, Dirk and Gorjão, Leonardo
                      Rydin and Böttcher, Philipp},
      title        = {{C}ollective effects and synchronization of demand in
                      real-time demand response},
      journal      = {Journal of physics},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2632-072X},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02148},
      pages        = {025002},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Future energy systems will be dominated by variable
                      renewable power generation and interconnected sectors,
                      leading to rapidly growing complexity. Flexible elements are
                      required to balance the variability of renewable power
                      sources, including backup generators and storage devices,
                      but also flexible consumers. Demand response (DR) aims to
                      adapt the demand to the variable generation, in particular
                      by shifting the load in time. In this article, we provide a
                      detailed statistic analysis of the collective operation of
                      many DR units. We establish and simulate a model for load
                      shifting in response to real-time electricity pricing using
                      local storage systems. We show that DR drives load shifting
                      as desired but also induces strong collective effects that
                      may threaten system stability. The load of individual
                      households synchronizes, leading to extreme demand peaks. We
                      provide a detailed statistical analysis of the grid load and
                      quantify both the likelihood and extent of extreme demand
                      peaks.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111) / CoNDyNet 2 - Kollektive Nichtlineare Dynamik
                      Komplexer Stromnetze (BMBF-03EK3055B) / HGF-ZT-I-0029 -
                      Helmholtz UQ: Uncertainty Quantification - from data to
                      reliable knowledge (HGF-ZT-I-0029) / DFG project 491111487 -
                      Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2022 - 2024 /
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112 / G:(DE-JUEL1)BMBF-03EK3055B /
                      G:(DE-Ds200)HGF-ZT-I-0029 / G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000788779700001},
      doi          = {10.1088/2632-072X/ac6477},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/907672},
}