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@ARTICLE{Chang:908196,
      author       = {Chang, Shen-Da and Kuo, Po-Chih and Zilles, Karl and Duong,
                      Tim Q. and Eickhoff, Simon and Huang, Andrew C. W. and Tsai,
                      Arthur C. and Cheng, Philip E. and Liou, Michelle},
      title        = {{B}rain {R}eactions to {O}pening and {C}losing the {E}yes:
                      {S}alivary {C}ortisol and {F}unctional {C}onnectivity},
      journal      = {Brain topography},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0896-0267},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02449},
      pages        = {375-397},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {This study empirically assessed the strength and duration
                      of short-term effects induced by brain reactions to
                      closing/opening the eyes on a few well-known resting-state
                      networks. We also examined the association between these
                      reactions and subjects' cortisol levels. A total of 55 young
                      adults underwent 8-min resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scans
                      under 4-min eyes-closed and 4-min eyes-open conditions.
                      Saliva samples were collected from 25 of the 55 subjects
                      before and after the fMRI sessions and assayed for cortisol
                      levels. Our empirical results indicate that when the
                      subjects were relaxed with their eyes closed, the effect of
                      opening the eyes on conventional resting-state networks
                      (e.g., default-mode, frontal-parietal, and saliency
                      networks) lasted for roughly 60-s, during which we observed
                      a short-term increase in activity in rs-fMRI time courses.
                      Moreover, brain reactions to opening the eyes had a
                      pronounced effect on time courses in the temporo-parietal
                      lobes and limbic structures, both of which presented a
                      prolonged decrease in activity. After controlling for
                      demographic factors, we observed a significantly positive
                      correlation between pre-scan cortisol levels and
                      connectivity in the limbic structures under both conditions.
                      Under the eyes-closed condition, the temporo-parietal lobes
                      presented significant connectivity to limbic structures and
                      a significantly positive correlation with pre-scan cortisol
                      levels. Future research on rs-fMRI could consider the
                      eyes-closed condition when probing resting-state
                      connectivity and its neuroendocrine correlates, such as
                      cortisol levels. It also appears that abrupt instructions to
                      open the eyes while the subject is resting quietly with eyes
                      closed could be used to probe brain reactivity to aversive
                      stimuli in the ventral hippocampus and other limbic
                      structures.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {35666364},
      UT           = {WOS:000806655900001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10548-022-00897-x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908196},
}