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@PHDTHESIS{Nielinger:908326,
      author       = {Nielinger, Dennis},
      title        = {{I}ntegrated {C}ontrol {E}lectronics for {Q}ubits at
                      {U}ltra {L}ow {T}emperature},
      volume       = {80},
      school       = {Univ. Duisburg},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02545},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-631-1},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Information
                      / Information},
      pages        = {xviii, 94, xix-xxvi},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Dissertation, Univ. Duisburg, 2022},
      abstract     = {Quantum computing has shown an increased interest in recent
                      years. The basis of a quantum computer is a qubit, which is
                      the quantum equivalent of a classical bit. Common qubit are
                      only viable in a cryogenic environment and need electrical
                      connections tooperate. For this, it is needed to solve the
                      problem to bringing more qubits into the cryostat and
                      connecting the quantum and the macroscopic world. The number
                      of qubits per cryostat is limited just by the amount of
                      interconnects and cooling power of the cryostat even if one
                      neglect the other challenges which come with the increasing
                      number of qubits integrated on one chip. This work
                      investigates the performance of different integrated circuit
                      architectures for operating at low temperature. The goal is
                      to place the control electronics in close vicinity of the
                      qubit itself and replace parts of the classical control
                      electronics which by now are located at room temperature.
                      The particular circuits investigated and implemented focus
                      on the needs for operating a GaAs singlet triplet qubit.
                      These qubits need frequency synthesis, biasing and readout
                      circuitry to operate. This work includes the implementation
                      of a digital controlled oscillator operating at a frequency
                      of 500 MHz, a voltage controlled oscillator operating at 20
                      GHz and a 8-bit digital to analog converter with a sample
                      rate of 250 MHz. The circuitry was fabricated on a 2 x 2 mm2
                      65 nm chip. The performance of the circuitry is evaluated at
                      room temperature and in a closed-cycle Gifford-McMahon
                      cryostat down to temperatures as low as 6 K. The results are
                      compared and cryogenic effects are discussed},
      cin          = {ZEA-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2022083122},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908326},
}