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@ARTICLE{Wright:908443,
      author       = {Wright, Corwin J. and Hindley, Neil P. and Alexander, M.
                      Joan and Barlow, Mathew and Hoffmann, Lars and Mitchell,
                      Cathryn N. and Prata, Fred and Bouillon, Marie and Carstens,
                      Justin and Clerbaux, Cathy and Osprey, Scott M. and Powell,
                      Nick and Randall, Cora E. and Yue, Jia},
      title        = {{S}urface-to-space atmospheric waves from {H}unga
                      {T}onga-{H}unga {H}a’apai eruption},
      journal      = {Nature},
      volume       = {609},
      issn         = {0028-0836},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02609},
      pages        = {741–746},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption was
                      one of the most explosive volcanic events of the modern era,
                      producing a vertical plume which peaked > 50 km above the
                      Earth. The initial explosion and subsequent plume triggered
                      atmospheric waves which propagated around the world multiple
                      times. A global-scale wave response of this magnitude from a
                      single source has not previously been observed. Here we show
                      the details of this response, using a comprehensive set of
                      satellite and ground-based observations to quantify it from
                      surface to ionosphere. A broad spectrum of waves was
                      triggered by the initial explosion, including Lamb waves
                      propagating at phase speeds of 318.2±6 m/s at surface level
                      and between 308±5 to 319±4 m/s in the stratosphere, and
                      gravity waves propagating at 238±3 to 269±3 m/s in the
                      stratosphere. Gravity waves at sub-ionospheric heights have
                      not previously been observed propagating at this speed or
                      over the whole Earth from a single source. Latent heat
                      release from the plume remained the most significant
                      individual gravity wave source worldwide for > 12 hours,
                      producing circular wavefronts visible across the Pacific
                      basin in satellite observations. A single source dominating
                      such a large region is also unique in the observational
                      record. The Hunga Tonga eruption represents a key natural
                      experiment in how the atmosphere responds to a sudden
                      point-source-driven state change, which will be of use for
                      improving weather and climate models.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {35772670},
      UT           = {WOS:000854445900001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41586-022-05012-5},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908443},
}