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@ARTICLE{Shen:908625,
      author       = {Shen, Fuzhen and Hegglin, Michaela Imelda and Luo, Yuanfei
                      and Yuan, Yue and Wang, Bing and Flemming, Johannes and
                      Wang, Junfeng and Zhang, Yunjiang and Chen, Mindong and
                      Yang, Qiang and Ge, Xinlei},
      title        = {{D}isentangling drivers of air pollutant and health risk
                      changes during the {COVID}-19 lockdown in {C}hina},
      journal      = {npj climate and atmospheric science},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2397-3722},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02725},
      pages        = {54},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The COVID-19 restrictions in 2020 have led to distinct
                      variations in NO2 and O3 concentrations in China. Here, the
                      different drivers of anthropogenic emission changes,
                      including the effects of the Chinese New Year (CNY),
                      China’s 2018–2020 Clean Air Plan (CAP), andthe COVID-19
                      lockdown and their impact on NO2 and O3 are isolated by
                      using a combined model-measurement approach. In addition,
                      the contribution of prevailing meteorological conditions to
                      the concentration changes was evaluated by applying a
                      machine-learning method. The resulting impact on the
                      multi-pollutant Health-based Air Quality Index (HAQI) is
                      quantified. The results show that the CNY reduces NO2
                      concentrations on average by $26.7\%$ each year, while the
                      COVID-lockdown measures have led to an additional $11.6\%$
                      reduction in 2020, and the CAP over 2018–2020 to a
                      reduction in NO2 by $15.7\%.$ On the other hand,
                      meteorological conditions from 23 January to March 7, 2020
                      led to increase in NO2 of $7.8\%.$ Neglecting the CAP and
                      meteorological drivers thus leads to an overestimate and
                      underestimate of the effect of the COVID-lockdown on NO2
                      reductions, respectively. For O3 the opposite behavior is
                      found, with changes of $+23.3\%,$ $+21.0\%,$ $+4.9\%,$ and
                      $−0.9\%$ for CNY, COVID-lockdown, CAP, and meteorology
                      effects, respectively. The total effects of these drivers
                      show a drastic reduction in multi-air pollutant-related
                      health riskacross China, with meteorology affecting
                      particularly the Northeast of China adversely. Importantly,
                      the CAP’s contribution highlights the effectiveness of the
                      Chinese government’s air-quality regulations on NO2
                      reduction.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {35789740},
      UT           = {WOS:000819420000001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41612-022-00276-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908625},
}