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@INPROCEEDINGS{Schatz:908718,
      author       = {Schatz, Michael and Jovanovic, Sven and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.
                      and Granwehr, Josef},
      title        = {{R}evealing local p{H} gradients by in operando 13{C}
                      {MRI}},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02787},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The study of local reaction conditions at catalytic
                      surfaces in an operating cell is a challenging task. In
                      particular, the CO2 electroreduction on copper is known to
                      be highly sensitive to local changes of pH value and
                      electrolyte concentration. We herewith present an in
                      operando Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique that enables
                      spatially and temporally resolved determination of these
                      values using the 13C resonances of the CO2/HCO3-/CO32-
                      equilibrium. A phase-encoding pulse sequence using spin
                      echoes enables chemical shift resolved imaging along one
                      spatial dimension, i.e. the longitudinal axis of a NMR tube.
                      Placing the copper working electrode perpendicular to this
                      axis, 13C spectra are obtained as a function of distance to
                      the electrode. The spectral data of the CO2 and the averaged
                      carbonate (HCO3-/CO32-) resonances are used to determine
                      local pH and concentrations. When a constant potential is
                      applied, increasing pH values and decreasing electrolyte
                      concentrations are observed as a result of the consumption
                      of H+ and CO2 from the equilibrium with HCO3-. Moreover, the
                      presented method offers wide-ranging applicability of
                      materials, concentrations and potentials, and it can provide
                      additional information on chemistry and mobility of
                      reactants.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2022-05-10},
      organization  = {10th International Conference on "Fuel
                       Science - From Production to
                       Propulsion", Aachen (Germany), 10 May
                       2022 - 12 May 2022},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / DFG
                      project 390919832 - EXC 2186: Das Fuel Science Center –
                      Adaptive Umwandlungssysteme für erneuerbare Energie- und
                      Kohlenstoffquellen (390919832)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(GEPRIS)390919832},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908718},
}