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@INPROCEEDINGS{Kraus:908729,
      author       = {Kraus, Stefan and Reul, Julian and Grube, Thomas and
                      Linssen, Jochen and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{P}aths towards greenhouse gas neutrality of transport
                      sector},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02792},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Pathways towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the transport
                      sectorPfade zur Treibhausgasneutralität des
                      VerkehrssektorsStefan Kraus,a,b Julian Reul,a,b Thomas
                      Grube,a Jochen Linßena and Detlef Stoltena,ba Institute for
                      Techno-Economic Systems Analysis (IEK-3), Forschungszentrum
                      Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülichb Chair for Fuel Cells, RWTH
                      Aachen University, c/o Institute of Electrochemical Process
                      Engineering, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52425
                      JülichAbstractAs a part of the energy system, the transport
                      sector must achieve the national target of greenhouse gas
                      neutrality by 2045. In the passenger car sector, the market
                      ramp-up of electromobility is already in full swing.
                      However, questions arise as to how the transport sector as a
                      whole will be able to achieve the goal of greenhouse gas
                      neutrality. Which drivetrains and fuels should be used in
                      which means of transport, for instance? And where do these
                      fuels originate from considering limited renewable energy
                      resources, which could also serve to reduce greenhouse gases
                      in other sectors? To answer these questions and go beyond
                      results from simulation modeling that have been presented in
                      the literature thus far, we present here cost optimal
                      scenarios based on a newly-developed, Python based
                      optimization model.Apart from robust findings pertaining to
                      the comprehensive electrification of road transport, our
                      results show that synthetic fuels are part of the
                      cost-optimal solution during a transitional phase. This is
                      due to the temporally-constrained transformation of road
                      transport fleets in favor of fully electric vehicles, e.g.
                      resulting from vehicle lifetime. Complementing the
                      powertrain shift in vehicle stock, the resulting fuel demand
                      shift will greatly affect the energy sector, in an example
                      of so-called sector coupling. On the one hand, vehicle
                      charging and hydrogen refueling networks must be expanded.
                      On the other, alternative energy carriers are a mix of
                      domestic production and imports. In this context, our
                      results indicate that electricity generation is almost
                      exclusively domestic, whereas synthetic fuels are fully
                      imported. Hydrogen is both produced domestically and
                      imported from other countries. Overall, the scenario results
                      underscore the need for near-term action to achieve the goal
                      of greenhouse gas neutrality in the transport sector by
                      2045.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2022-10-10},
      organization  = {31st Aachen Colloquium, Aachen
                       (Germany), 10 Oct 2022 - 12 Oct 2022},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)
                      / 1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908729},
}