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@ARTICLE{Weinand:908796,
      author       = {Weinand, Jann Michael and McKenna, Russell and Heinrichs,
                      Heidi and Roth, Michael and Stolten, Detlef and Fichtner,
                      Wolf},
      title        = {{E}xploring the trilemma of cost-efficiency, landscape
                      impact and regional equality in onshore wind expansion
                      planning},
      journal      = {Advances in applied energy},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {2666-7924},
      address      = {[Amsterdam]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier ScienceDirect},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02841},
      pages        = {100102 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Onshore wind development has historically focused on
                      cost-efficiency, which may lead to uneven turbine
                      distributions and public resistance due to landscape
                      impacts. Using a multi-criteria planning approach, we show
                      how onshore wind capacity targets can be achieved by 2050 in
                      a cost-efficient, visually unobtrusive and evenly
                      distributed way. For the case study of Germany, we build on
                      the existing turbine stock and use open data on technically
                      feasible turbine locations and data on scenicness of
                      landscapes to plan the optimal expansion. The analysis shows
                      that while the trade-off between optimizing either
                      cost-efficiency or landscape impact of the turbines is
                      rather weak with about $15\%$ higher costs or scenicness, an
                      even distribution has a large impact on these criteria.
                      However, a more evenly distributed expansion is necessary
                      for the achievement of the targeted south quota, a policy
                      target that calls for more wind turbine additions in
                      southern Germany. Our analysis assists stakeholders in
                      resolving the onshore wind expansion trilemma.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)
                      / 1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001022700700006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.adapen.2022.100102},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908796},
}