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@ARTICLE{Wolf:908877,
      author       = {Wolf, Stephanie E. and Vibhu, Vaibhav and Tröster, Eric
                      and Vinke, Izaak C. and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and de Haart, L.
                      G. J.},
      title        = {{S}team {E}lectrolysis vs. {C}o-{E}lectrolysis:
                      {M}echanistic {S}tudies of {L}ong-{T}erm {S}olid {O}xide
                      {E}lectrolysis {C}ells},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02891},
      pages        = {5449},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {High-temperature electrolysis using solid oxide
                      electrolysis cells (SOECs) is an innovative technology to
                      temporarily store unused electrical energy from renewable
                      energy sources. However, they show continuous performance
                      loss during long-term operation, which is the main issue
                      preventing their widespread use. In this work, we have
                      performed the long-term stability tests up to 1000 h under
                      steam and co-electrolysis conditions using commercial
                      NiO-YSZ/YSZ/GDC/LSC single cells in order to understand the
                      degradation process. The electrolysis tests were carried out
                      at different temperatures and fuel gas compositions.
                      Intermittent AC- and DC- measurements were performed to
                      characterize the single cells and to determine the
                      responsible electrode processes for the degradation during
                      long-term operation. An increased degradation rate is
                      observed at 800°C compared to 750°C under steam
                      electrolysis conditions. Moreover, a lower degradation rate
                      is noticed under co-electrolysis operation in comparison to
                      steam electrolysis operation. Finally, the post-test
                      analyses using SEM-EDX and XRD were carried out in order to
                      understand the degradation mechanism. The delamination of
                      LSC is observed under steam electrolysis conditions at
                      800°C, however, such delamination is not observed during
                      co-electrolysis operation. In addition, Ni-depletion and
                      agglomeration are observed on the fuel electrode side for
                      all the cells.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / 1232 -
                      Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000839683000001},
      doi          = {10.3390/en15155449},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908877},
}