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@ARTICLE{AndrsHernndez:909375,
author = {Andrés Hernández, M. Dolores and Hilboll, Andreas and
Ziereis, Helmut and Förster, Eric and Krüger, Ovid O. and
Kaiser, Katharina and Schneider, Gerald Johannes and
Barnaba, Francesca and Vrekoussis, Mihalis and Schmidt,
Jörg and Huntrieser, Heidi and Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene
and George, Midhun and Nenakhov, Vladyslav and Harlass,
Theresa and Holanda, Bruna A. and Wolf, Jennifer and
Eirenschmalz, Lisa and Krebsbach, Marc and Pöhlker, Mira L.
and Kalisz Hedegaard, Anna B. and Mei, Linlu and
Pfeilsticker, Klaus and Liu, Yangzhuoran and Koppmann, Ralf
and Schlager, Hans and Bohn, Birger and Schumann, Ulrich and
Richter, Andreas and Schreiner, Benjamin and Sauer, Daniel
and Baumann, Robert and Mertens, Mariano and Jöckel,
Patrick and Kilian, Markus and Stratmann, Greta and
Pöhlker, Christopher and Campanelli, Monica and Pandolfi,
Marco and Sicard, Michael and Gómez-Amo, José L. and
Pujadas, Manuel and Bigge, Katja and Kluge, Flora and
Schwarz, Anja and Daskalakis, Nikos and Walter, David and
Zahn, Andreas and Pöschl, Ulrich and Bönisch, Harald and
Borrmann, Stephan and Platt, Ulrich and Burrows, John P.},
title = {{O}verview: {O}n the transport and transformation of
pollutants in the outflow of major population centres –
observational data from the {EM}e{RG}e {E}uropean intensive
operational period in summer 2017},
journal = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
issn = {1680-7316},
address = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
publisher = {EGU},
reportid = {FZJ-2022-03163},
pages = {5877 - 5924},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Megacities and other major population centres (MPCs)
worldwide are major sources of air pollution, both locally
as well as downwind. The overall assessment and prediction
of the impact of MPC pollution on tropospheric chemistry are
challenging. The present work provides an overview of the
highlights of a major new contribution to the understanding
of this issue based on the data and analysis of the EMeRGe
(Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of
pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) international
project. EMeRGe focuses on atmospheric chemistry, dynamics,
and transport of local and regional pollution originating in
MPCs. Airborne measurements, taking advantage of the long
range capabilities of the High Altitude and LOng Range
Research Aircraft (HALO, https://www.halo-spp.de, last
access: 22 March 2022), are a central part of the project.
The synergistic use and consistent interpretation of
observational data sets of different spatial and temporal
resolution (e.g. from ground-based networks, airborne
campaigns, and satellite measurements) supported by
modelling within EMeRGe provide unique insight to test the
current understanding of MPC pollution outflows.In order to
obtain an adequate set of measurements at different spatial
scales, two field experiments were positioned in time and
space to contrast situations when the photochemical
transformation of plumes emerging from MPCs is large. These
experiments were conducted in summer 2017 over Europe and in
the inter-monsoon period over Asia in spring 2018. The
intensive observational periods (IOPs) involved HALO
airborne measurements of ozone and its precursors, volatile
organic compounds, aerosol particles, and related species as
well as coordinated ground-based ancillary observations at
different sites. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer releases and
model forecasts supported the flight planning, the
identification of pollution plumes, and the analysis of
chemical transformations during transport.This paper
describes the experimental deployment and scientific
questions of the IOP in Europe. The MPC targets – London
(United Kingdom; UK), the Benelux/Ruhr area (Belgium, the
Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany), Paris (France), Rome
and the Po Valley (Italy), and Madrid and Barcelona (Spain)
– were investigated during seven HALO research flights
with an aircraft base in Germany for a total of 53 flight
hours. An in-flight comparison of HALO with the
collaborating UK-airborne platform Facility for Airborne
Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) took place to assure
accuracy and comparability of the instrumentation on
board.Overall, EMeRGe unites measurements of near- and
far-field emissions and hence deals with complex air masses
of local and distant sources. Regional transport of several
European MPC outflows was successfully identified and
measured. Chemical processing of the MPC emissions was
inferred from airborne observations of primary and secondary
pollutants and the ratios between species having different
chemical lifetimes. Photochemical processing of aerosol and
secondary formation or organic acids was evident during the
transport of MPC plumes. Urban plumes mix efficiently with
natural sources as mineral dust and with biomass burning
emissions from vegetation and forest fires. This confirms
the importance of wildland fire emissions in Europe and
indicates an important but discontinuous contribution to the
European emission budget that might be of relevance in the
design of efficient mitigation strategies. The present work
provides an overview of the most salient results in the
European context, with these being addressed in more detail
within additional dedicated EMeRGe studies. The deployment
and results obtained in Asia will be the subject of separate
publications.},
cin = {IEK-8},
ddc = {550},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
pnm = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000790848000001},
doi = {10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/909375},
}
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