001     909513
005     20230123110645.0
024 7 _ |a 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108489
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024 7 _ |a 0378-7796
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024 7 _ |a 1873-2046
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024 7 _ |a 2128/31787
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024 7 _ |a WOS:000856623900017
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037 _ _ |a FZJ-2022-03219
082 _ _ |a 620
100 1 _ |a Kruse, Johannes
|0 P:(DE-Juel1)179250
|b 0
|e Corresponding author
245 _ _ |a Secondary control activation analysed and predicted with explainable AI
260 _ _ |a Amsterdam [u.a.]
|c 2022
|b Elsevier Science
336 7 _ |a article
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336 7 _ |a ARTICLE
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336 7 _ |a Journal Article
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520 _ _ |a The transition to a renewable energy system challenges power grid operation and stability. Secondary control is key in restoring the power system to its reference following a disturbance. Underestimating the necessary control capacity may require emergency measures, such that a solid understanding of its predictability and driving factors is needed. Here, we establish an explainable machine learning model for the analysis of secondary control power in Germany. Training gradient boosted trees, we obtain an accurate ex-post description of control activation. Our explainable model demonstrates the strong impact of external drivers such as forecasting errors and the generation mix, while daily patterns in the reserve activation play a minor role. Training a prototypical forecasting model, we identify forecast error estimates as crucial to improve predictability. Generally, input data and model training have to be carefully adapted to serve the different purposes of either ex-post analysis or forecasting and reserve sizing.
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536 _ _ |a HDS LEE - Helmholtz School for Data Science in Life, Earth and Energy (HDS LEE) (HDS-LEE-20190612)
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536 _ _ |a Verbundvorhaben CoNDyNet2: Kollektive nichtlineare Dynamik komplexer Stromnetze (03EK3055B)
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588 _ _ |a Dataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: juser.fz-juelich.de
700 1 _ |a Schäfer, Benjamin
|0 0000-0003-1607-9748
|b 1
700 1 _ |a Witthaut, Dirk
|0 P:(DE-Juel1)162277
|b 2
773 _ _ |a 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108489
|g Vol. 212, p. 108489 -
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|p 108489 -
|t Electric power systems research
|v 212
|y 2022
|x 0378-7796
856 4 _ |u https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/909513/files/2109.04802.pdf
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909 C O |o oai:juser.fz-juelich.de:909513
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910 1 _ |a Forschungszentrum Jülich
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913 1 _ |a DE-HGF
|b Forschungsbereich Energie
|l Energiesystemdesign (ESD)
|1 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-110
|0 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-111
|3 G:(DE-HGF)POF4
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914 1 _ |y 2022
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