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@ARTICLE{Kittnerov:909538,
      author       = {Kittnerová, Jana and Drtinová, Barbora and Štamberg,
                      Karel and Deissmann, Guido and Lange, Steve and Evans, Nick},
      title        = {{S}tudy of {R}adium {B}ehavior in {C}ontact {W}ith
                      {C}alcium-{S}ilicate-{H}ydrates},
      journal      = {Journal of nuclear engineering and radiation science},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1535-4016},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {ASME},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03227},
      pages        = {011901},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Radium-226 is an important radionuclide with respect to the
                      long-term safety of repositories for low and
                      intermediate-level radioactive wastes, as well as deep
                      geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste and
                      spent nuclear fuel. To evaluate its mobility in the
                      engineered barrier system of a repository, the sorption of
                      radium on calcium-silicate hydrates (CSH), which form the
                      major hydration phases in cementitious materials, was
                      studied. Radium sorption to CSH was found to be very fast,
                      leading to steady-state between solid and liquid phase after
                      less than four days. The dependency of the equilibrium
                      distribution ratios on radium concentration, the calcium to
                      silicon ratio in CSH, liquid to solid ratio, and temperature
                      was investigated, and estimates of apparent activation
                      energy, reaction enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of the
                      sorption process were derived. Radium sorption on CSH can be
                      described by linear isotherms with Rd values mostly in the
                      order of 104 L/kg. Radium sorption was found to be an
                      exothermic and spontaneous reaction probably governed by
                      chemical reaction rather than diffusion. As expected, the
                      presence of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) at low
                      concentrations led only to a small decrease in radium
                      sorption, due to the strong competition of dissolved calcium
                      for EDTA complexation. A comparison of the sorption behavior
                      of various alkaline earth elements used as chemical analogs
                      for radium confirmed the significant difference in the Rd
                      values with sorption on CSH decreasing in the order Ra > Ba
                      > Sr.},
      cin          = {IEK-6},
      ddc          = {624},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-6-20101013},
      pnm          = {1411 - Nuclear Waste Disposal (POF4-141)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1411},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000895811900022},
      doi          = {10.1115/1.4055160},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/909538},
}