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@ARTICLE{Forbes:909543,
author = {Forbes, Jeffrey M. and Ern, Manfred and Zhang, Xiaoli},
title = {{T}he {G}lobal {M}onsoon {C}onvective {S}ystem as
{R}eflected in {U}pper {A}tmosphere {G}ravity {W}aves},
journal = {Journal of geophysical research / Space physics},
volume = {127},
number = {9},
issn = {0148-0227},
address = {Hoboken, NJ},
publisher = {Wiley},
reportid = {FZJ-2022-03232},
pages = {e2022JA030572},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The concept of a global monsoon system collectively
comprising 6 tropical regions is applied to Outgoing
Longwave Radiation (OLR) as a proxy for convectively
generated gravity waves (GWs), leading to the global monsoon
convective system (GMCS). The six tropical regions are North
and South Africa, Central and South America, and the South
Asia-Pacific and Malay Archipelago/Australia-Pacific
regions. The extended GMCS is considered in terms of gravity
wave momentum fluxes (GWMFs) at 30, 50, 70, and 90 km
altitude during the summer season in both hemispheres
between December 2016, and August 2020. The GWMFs are
inferred from TIMED/SABER temperature measurements.
Intermonthly, interseasonal, and interannual variations in
monthly mean GWMFs are interpreted in terms of OLR as a
proxy for the spatial-temporal variability of GW sources,
and in terms of MERRA2 zonal winds that quantify the
influences of changes in background propagation conditions.
It is found that temporal variations in GWMFs associated
with the GMCS as a whole are not highly correlated with OLR,
but at 30, 50, and 70 km are quantitatively linked to
Doppler-shifting effects by local winds, wind filtering at
15 km altitude, and “instrument filtering.” These
effects are also compared and examined in the context of GW
variances at 50 km in Southern Hemisphere summer measured by
the CIPS instrument on the AIM satellite, which measures a
different part of the GW spectrum. The SABER GWMF response
at 90 km is irregular and variable, but sometimes consists
of 3- and 4-peaked structures in longitude that may reflect
nonmigrating tide influences on GW propagation conditions.},
cin = {IEK-7},
ddc = {520},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
pnm = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000850891500001},
doi = {10.1029/2022JA030572},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/909543},
}