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@ARTICLE{Winter:909680,
      author       = {Winter, Nils R. and Leenings, Ramona and Ernsting, Jan and
                      Sarink, Kelvin and Fisch, Lukas and Emden, Daniel and
                      Blanke, Julian and Goltermann, Janik and Opel, Nils and
                      Barkhau, Carlotta and Meinert, Susanne and Dohm, Katharina
                      and Repple, Jonathan and Mauritz, Marco and Gruber, Marius
                      and Leehr, Elisabeth J. and Grotegerd, Dominik and Redlich,
                      Ronny and Jansen, Andreas and Nenadic, Igor and Nöthen,
                      Markus M. and Forstner, Andreas and Rietschel, Marcella and
                      Groß, Joachim and Bauer, Jochen and Heindel, Walter and
                      Andlauer, Till and Eickhoff, Simon and Kircher, Tilo and
                      Dannlowski, Udo and Hahn, Tim},
      title        = {{Q}uantifying {D}eviations of {B}rain {S}tructure and
                      {F}unction in {M}ajor {D}epressive {D}isorder {A}cross
                      {N}euroimaging {M}odalities},
      journal      = {JAMA psychiatry},
      volume       = {79},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0003-990X},
      address      = {Chicago, Ill.},
      publisher    = {AMA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03335},
      pages        = {879 -888},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Kein postprint vorhanden},
      abstract     = {Importance Identifying neurobiological differences between
                      patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy
                      individuals has been a mainstay of clinical neuroscience for
                      decades. However, recent meta-analyses have raised concerns
                      regarding the replicability and clinical relevance of brain
                      alterations in depression.Objective To quantify the upper
                      bounds of univariate effect sizes, estimated predictive
                      utility, and distributional dissimilarity of healthy
                      individuals and those with depression across structural
                      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-tensor imaging,
                      and functional task-based as well as resting-state MRI, and
                      to compare results with an MDD polygenic risk score (PRS)
                      and environmental variables.Design, Setting, and
                      Participants This was a cross-sectional, case-control
                      clinical neuroimaging study. Data were part of the
                      Marburg-Münster Affective Disorders Cohort Study. Patients
                      with depression and healthy controls were recruited from
                      primary care and the general population in Münster and
                      Marburg, Germany. Study recruitment was performed from
                      September 11, 2014, to September 26, 2018. The sample
                      comprised patients with acute and chronic MDD as well as
                      healthy controls in the age range of 18 to 65 years. Data
                      were analyzed from October 29, 2020, to April 7, 2022.Main
                      Outcomes and Measures Primary analyses included univariate
                      partial effect size (η2), classification accuracy, and
                      distributional overlapping coefficient for healthy
                      individuals and those with depression across neuroimaging
                      modalities, controlling for age, sex, and additional
                      modality-specific confounding variables. Secondary analyses
                      included patient subgroups for acute or chronic depressive
                      status.Results A total of 1809 individuals (861 patients
                      $[47.6\%]$ and 948 controls $[52.4\%])$ were included in the
                      analysis (mean [SD] age, 35.6 [13.2] years; 1165 female
                      patients $[64.4\%]).$ The upper bound of the effect sizes of
                      the single univariate measures displaying the largest group
                      difference ranged from partial η2 of 0.004 to 0.017, and
                      distributions overlapped between $87\%$ and $95\%,$ with
                      classification accuracies ranging between $54\%$ and $56\%$
                      across neuroimaging modalities. This pattern remained
                      virtually unchanged when considering either only patients
                      with acute or chronic depression. Differences were
                      comparable with those found for PRS but substantially
                      smaller than for environmental variables.Conclusions and
                      Relevance Results of this case-control study suggest that
                      even for maximum univariate biological differences,
                      deviations between patients with MDD and healthy controls
                      were remarkably small, single-participant prediction was not
                      possible, and similarity between study groups dominated.
                      Biological psychiatry should facilitate meaningful outcome
                      measures or predictive approaches to increase the potential
                      for a personalization of the clinical practice.},
      cin          = {INM-7 / INM-1},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {35895072},
      UT           = {WOS:000832645100001},
      doi          = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1780},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/909680},
}