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@ARTICLE{Iyer:909857,
      author       = {Iyer, Priyanka and Gompper, Gerhard and Fedosov, Dmitry A.},
      title        = {{N}on-equilibrium shapes and dynamics of active vesicles},
      journal      = {Soft matter},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {36},
      issn         = {1744-683X},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Royal Soc. of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03470},
      pages        = {6868 - 6881},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Active vesicles, constructed through the confinement of
                      self-propelled particles (SPPs) inside a lipid membrane
                      shell, exhibit a large variety of non-equilibrium shapes,
                      ranging from the formation of local tethers and dendritic
                      conformations, to prolate and bola-like structures. To
                      better understand the behavior of active vesicles, we
                      perform simulations of membranes modelled as dynamically
                      triangulated surfaces enclosing active Brownian particles. A
                      systematic analysis of membrane deformations and SPP
                      clustering, as a function of SPP activity and volume
                      fraction inside the vesicle is carried out. Distributions of
                      membrane local curvature, and the clustering and mobility of
                      SPPs obtained from simulations of active vesicles are
                      analysed. There exists a feedback mechanism between the
                      enhancement of membrane curvature, the formation of clusters
                      of active particles, and local or global changes in vesicle
                      shape. The emergence of active tension due to the activity
                      of SPPs can well be captured by the Young–Laplace
                      equation. Furthermore, a simple numerical method for tether
                      detection is presented and used to determine correlations
                      between the number of tethers, their length, and local
                      curvature. We also provide several geometrical arguments to
                      explain different tether characteristics for various
                      conditions. These results contribute to the future
                      development of steerable active vesicles or soft
                      micro-robots whose behaviour can be controlled and used for
                      potential applications.},
      cin          = {IBI-5 / IAS-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-5-20200312 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {5243 - Information Processing in Distributed Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36043635},
      UT           = {WOS:000847743500001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D2SM00622G},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/909857},
}