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@ARTICLE{Vojtech:910024,
      author       = {Vojtech, V. and Charilaou, M. and Kovács, A. and Firlus,
                      A. and Gerstl, S. S. A. and Dunin-Borkowski, R. E. and
                      Löffler, J. F. and Schäublin, R. E.},
      title        = {{M}acroscopic magnetic hardening due to nanoscale spinodal
                      decomposition in {F}e–{C}r},
      journal      = {Acta materialia},
      volume       = {240},
      issn         = {1359-6454},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03579},
      pages        = {118265 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The Fe–Cr alloy system is the basis of ferritic steels,
                      which are important structural materials for many
                      applications, including their use in future fusion reactors.
                      However, when exposed to elevated temperatures and
                      radiation, the Fe–Cr system can undergo phase separation,
                      resulting in Fe-rich (α) and Cr-rich (α’) nanoscale
                      regions. This in turn generates the so-called “475 °C
                      embrittlement” and modifies the magnetic properties. The
                      correlation between the microstructural and magnetic changes
                      is however poorly understood, which currently prevents the
                      possibility of assessing the material in a non-destructive
                      way by magnetometry. Here, we study the microstructural
                      decomposition of an Fe–40Cr alloy induced by annealing at
                      500 °C for extensive time scales and its impact on the
                      magnetic properties using magnetometry and advanced
                      experimental methods, such as atom probe tomography,
                      transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and micromagnetic
                      simulations. Upon annealing, the alloy rapidly exhibits a
                      spinodal decomposition morphology with a typical length
                      scale of about 10 nm. With increasing annealing time, the
                      hardness assessed by Vickers testing, the magnetic
                      saturation, and the coercivity increase, which correlates
                      with an increase in α-volume fraction and the system's
                      heterogeneity. The magnetic domain patterns imaged by TEM
                      and interpreted with the help of micromagnetic simulations
                      reveal at the nanometer scale the impact of decomposition on
                      the magnetic response of Fe–Cr.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {5351 - Platform for Correlative, In Situ and Operando
                      Characterization (POF4-535) / DFG project 405553726 - TRR
                      270: Hysterese-Design magnetischer Materialien für
                      effiziente Energieumwandlung (405553726) / 3D MAGiC -
                      Three-dimensional magnetization textures: Discovery and
                      control on the nanoscale (856538)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5351 / G:(GEPRIS)405553726 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)856538},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000862266600001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118265},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/910024},
}