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@ARTICLE{Li:910455,
      author       = {Li, Boxi and Ahmed, Shahnawaz and Saraogi, Sidhant and
                      Lambert, Neill and Nori, Franco and Pitchford, Alexander and
                      Shammah, Nathan},
      title        = {{P}ulse-level noisy quantum circuits with {Q}u{T}i{P}},
      journal      = {Quantum},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {2521-327X},
      address      = {Wien},
      publisher    = {Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den
                      Quantenwissenschaften},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03844},
      pages        = {630 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The study of the impact of noise on quantum circuits is
                      especially relevant to guide the progress of Noisy
                      IntermediateScale Quantum (NISQ) computing. In this paper,
                      we address the pulse-level simulation of noisy quantum
                      circuits with the Quantum Toolbox in Python (QuTiP). We
                      introduce new tools in qutip-qip, QuTiP’s quantum
                      information processing package.These tools simulate quantum
                      circuits at the pulse level, leveraging QuTiP’s quantum
                      dynamics solvers and control optimization features. We show
                      how quantum circuits can be compiled on simulated
                      processors, with control pulses acting on a target
                      Hamiltonian that describes the unitary evolution of the
                      physical qubits. Various types of noise can be introduced
                      based on the physical model, e.g., by simulating the
                      Lindblad densitymatrix dynamics or Monte Carlo quantum
                      trajectories. In particular, the user can define environment
                      induced decoherence at the processor level and include noise
                      simulation at the level of control pulses. We illustrate how
                      the DeutschJozsa algorithm is compiled and executed on a
                      superconducting-qubit-based processor, on a spin-chain-based
                      processor and using control optimization algorithms. We also
                      show how to easily reproduce experimental results on
                      cross-talk noise in an ion-based processor, and how a Ramsey
                      experiment can be modeled with Lindblad dynamics. Finally,
                      we illustrate how to integrate these features with other
                      software frameworks.},
      cin          = {PGI-8},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-8-20190808},
      pnm          = {5221 - Advanced Solid-State Qubits and Qubit Systems
                      (POF4-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000750588700001},
      doi          = {10.22331/q-2022-01-24-630},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/910455},
}