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@ARTICLE{Oshnik:910457,
      author       = {Oshnik, Nimba and Rembold, Phila and Calarco, Tommaso and
                      Montangero, Simone and Neu, Elke and Müller, Matthias},
      title        = {{R}obust magnetometry with single nitrogen-vacancy centers
                      via two-step optimization},
      journal      = {Physical review / A},
      volume       = {106},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2469-9926},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03846},
      pages        = {013107},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Shallow Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers are promising
                      candidates for high-precision sensing applications; these
                      defects, when positioned a few nanometers below the surface,
                      provide an atomic-scale resolution along with substantial
                      sensitivity. However, the dangling bonds and impurities on
                      the diamond surface result in a complex environment which
                      reduces the sensitivity and is unique to each shallow NV
                      center. To avoid the environment’s detrimental effect, we
                      apply feedback-based quantum optimal control. We first show
                      how a direct search can improve the initialization/readout
                      process. In a second step, we optimize microwave pulses for
                      pulsed Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) and
                      Ramsey measurements. Throughout the sensitivity
                      optimizations, we focus on robustness against errors in the
                      control field amplitude. This feature not only protects the
                      protocols’ sensitivity from drifts but also enlarges the
                      sensing volume. The resulting ODMR measurements produce
                      sensitivities below 1µT Hz− 1for an $83\%$ decrease in
                      control power, increasingthe robustness by approximately one
                      third. The optimized Ramsey measurements produce
                      sensitivities below 100 nT Hz giving a two-fold sensitivity
                      improvement. Being on par with typical sensitivities
                      obtained via single NV magnetometry, the complementing
                      robustness of the presented optimization strategy may
                      provide an advantage for other NV-based applications.},
      cin          = {PGI-8},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-8-20190808},
      pnm          = {5221 - Advanced Solid-State Qubits and Qubit Systems
                      (POF4-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000832482600001},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevA.106.013107},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/910457},
}