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@ARTICLE{Huon:910499,
      author       = {Huon, C. and Tiwari, A. and Rotella, C. and Mangiagalli, P.
                      and Persson, Bo},
      title        = {{A}ir, {H}elium and {W}ater {L}eakage in {R}ubber {O}-ring
                      {S}eals with {A}pplication to {S}yringes},
      journal      = {Tribology letters},
      volume       = {70},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1023-8883},
      address      = {Dordrecht},
      publisher    = {Springer Science Business Media B.V.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-03882},
      pages        = {35},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {We study the leakage of fluids (liquids or gases) in
                      syringes with glass barrel, steel plunger and rubber O-ring
                      stopper. Theleakrate depends on the interfacial surface
                      roughness and on the viscoelastic properties of the rubber.
                      Random surface rough-ness is produced by sandblasting the
                      rubber O-rings. We present a very simple theory for gas flow
                      which takes into accountboth the diffusive and ballistic
                      flow. The theory shows that the interfacial fluid flow
                      (leakage) channels are so narrow thatthe gas flow is mainly
                      ballistic (the so called Knudsen limit). We compare the
                      leakrate obtained using air and helium. Forbarrels filled
                      with water we observe no leakage even if leakage occurs for
                      gases. We interpret this as resulting from capillary(Laplace
                      pressure or surface energy) effects.Keywords Syringes ·
                      Seals · Helium leakage · Ballistic gas flow · Interfacial
                      separation · Viscoelasticity},
      cin          = {IAS-1 / PGI-1 / JARA-FIT / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {5211 - Topological Matter (POF4-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5211},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000760271100001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11249-022-01574-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/910499},
}