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@ARTICLE{Richou:910638,
      author       = {Richou, Marianne and Corre, Yann and Loewenhoff, Thorsten
                      and Diez, Mathilde and Martin, Céline and Aretz, Anke and
                      Coenen, Jann Willem and Firdaouss, Mehdi and Giacometti,
                      Gregory and Grosjean, Alex and Pintsuk, Gerald and Roche,
                      Hélène and Spähn, Michael and De Temmerman, Gregory and
                      Tsitrone, Emmanuelle and Wirtz, Marius and WEST Team, the},
      title        = {{F}irst plasma exposure of a pre-damaged {ITER}-like
                      plasma-facing unit in the {WEST} tokamak: procedure for the
                      {PFU} preparation and lessons learned},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {62},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0029-5515},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04011},
      pages        = {056010 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The evaluation of the impact of plasma-facing components
                      damage on subsequent plasma operation is an important issue
                      for ITER. During the first phase of the operation of WEST, a
                      few ITER-like divertor plasma-facing units (PFUs) have been
                      installed on the lower divertor. One PFU was pre-damaged
                      under electron beam gun thermal loading, before its
                      installation in WEST, and the subsequent evolution of the
                      damage was studied after the WEST plasma exposure. This
                      paper presents the procedure followed to get the pre-damaged
                      PFU. It consists of the characterization of the response of
                      tungsten samples representative of WEST PFU under high heat
                      flux (HHF) loading, the selection of damage (namely, small
                      cracks, crack network, crack network, and W melt droplets).
                      Finally, according to the WEST plasma loading conditions,
                      the blocks with damage within the PFU and the position of
                      the pre-damaged PFU on the WEST lower divertor are
                      attributed. The first results obtained after an initial
                      plasma exposure in WEST lead to the assessment, as expected
                      with regard to the heat loading conditions, that no major
                      surface aspect modification was found. This result
                      emphasized the possibility of implementing as pre-damaged
                      small droplets of melted tungsten in a high heat-loaded zone
                      for a future WEST experimental campaign.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung (POF4-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000769135300001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/ac412e},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/910638},
}