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@ARTICLE{Malkowski:910690,
      author       = {Malkowski, Thomas F. and Boeding, Ethan D. and
                      Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina and Wettengl, Nadine and
                      Finsterbusch, Martin and Veith, Gabriel M.},
      title        = {{D}igestion processes and elemental analysis of oxide and
                      sulfide solid electrolytes},
      journal      = {Ionics},
      volume       = {28},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {0947-7047},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04062},
      pages        = {3223 - 3231},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Detailed elemental analysis is essential for a successful
                      development and optimization of material systems and
                      synthesis methods. This is especially relevant for Li- and
                      Na-containing compounds, found in state-of-the-art and
                      next-generation battery systems. Their materials’
                      properties and thus the final device performance strongly
                      depend on the crystal structure, the stoichiometry, and
                      defect chemistry, e.g., influencing charge carrier
                      concentration and activation energies for vacancy transport.
                      However, a detailed quantitative analysis of light elements
                      in a heavy matrix, featuring a broad range of solubilities
                      and vapor pressures, is often difficult and associated with
                      large uncertainties and thus neglected in favor of just
                      reporting the stoichiometry as “weighed in.” In this
                      work, we report several approaches to digest and dissolve
                      various oxide and sulfide-based materials, used in
                      next-generation Li batteries, for elemental analysis via
                      optical emission spectroscopy. These include the most common
                      solid electrolytes Li-La-Ti–O, a perovskite material
                      (LLTO), and Li-La-Zr-O which has garnet structure (LLZO).
                      Additionally, a facile thermal digestion process is reported
                      for a surrogate sulfide solid electrolyte (Na2S). The
                      digestion procedures reported here are suitable for almost
                      any laboratory environment and, when applied, will improve
                      understanding of the synthesis-structure–property
                      correlations needed to advanced batteries with all
                      solid-state configurations.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / ZEA-3},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000788507700002},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11581-022-04536-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/910690},
}