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@INPROCEEDINGS{Tietz:911033,
      author       = {Tietz, Frank},
      title        = {{O}n the availability of lithium and the real advantages of
                      sodium solid-state batteries},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04359},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {When we write scientific publications, in the introduction
                      usually a brief summary of the state of research is given
                      together with the motivation of the work. In many
                      publications related to battery developments a worldwide
                      electrified scenario is mentioned, the specific work is
                      contributing to this global challenge. In more detail, many
                      publications related to sodium batteries justify the
                      research work with the lower cost of sodium materials in
                      comparison to lithium materials and the limited resources of
                      lithium. But are these arguments really true? A brief
                      analysis of the reserves and resources on the one hand and
                      the global demand on the other hand tells us that there is
                      no shortage of lithium resources. In summary, both arguments
                      do not withstand a serious analysis of the facts [1,2].
                      Instead, there are real advantages that favor the
                      development of sodium solid-state batteries rather than that
                      of lithium solid-state batteries. These advantages are
                      entirely related to the materials properties used in both
                      systems. Especially the solid electrolytes used and their
                      ionic conductivities have to be mentioned here as well as
                      the properties of the alkali metals as anodes. Whereas the
                      lithium thiophosphates are the most promising group of
                      materials for composite cathodes and electrolytes, these
                      materials also suffer from low thermodynamic stability
                      making protective coatings necessary. For sodium batteries,
                      NaSICON and ß-aluminas show similarly high ionic
                      conductivity, but a much better thermodynamic stability. In
                      contact with metallic sodium these materials seem to be
                      stable. In addition, the high self-diffusion coefficient of
                      sodium makes the application of sodium solid-state batteries
                      very feasible due to the accessible high current densities
                      leading to high specific and energy densities as well as
                      fast charging. [1] C. Vaalma, D. Buchholz, M. Weil, S.
                      Passerini, Nat. Rev. Mater. 3, 18013 (2018) [2] R. U., Y.
                      Lu, J. Popovic, M. Law, P. Balaya, Y.-S. Hu, J. Maier, Nat.
                      Rev. Mater. 6, 1020-1035 (2021)},
      month         = {Jun},
      date          = {2022-06-27},
      organization  = {18th International Conference on
                       Diffusion in Solids and Liquids,
                       Florence (Italy), 27 Jun 2022 - 1 Jul
                       2022},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911033},
}