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000911173 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116226
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000911173 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129427$$aAmelung, Wulf$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000911173 245__ $$aProcess sequence of soil aggregate formation disentangled through multi-isotope labelling
000911173 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2023
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000911173 520__ $$aMicroaggregates (<250 µm) are key structural subunits of soils. However, their formation processes, rates, and transformation with time are poorly understood. We took advantage of multiple isotope labelling of potential organic gluing agents and inorganic building units to unravel their role in soil aggregation processes being initiated with and without plant growth. We added 13C-labelled extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), 15N-labelled bacteria, 57Fe-labelled goethite, and 29Si-labelled montmorillonite to fine soil <250 µm of an Ap horizon from a Stagnic Luvisol, which was planted with Festuca heteromalla or kept bare in a climate chamber. Samples were taken after 4, 12, and 30 weeks, and separated into free (f) and occluded (o) microaggregates of different sizes (<20 µm, 53–20 µm, 250–53 µm), and in stable macroaggregates (>250 µm) that resisted 60 J mL−1 ultrasonic dispersion. Afterwards, we assessed the C, N, Fe, and Si stable isotope composition in each size fraction. After four weeks we found a rapid build-up of stable macroaggregates comprising almost 50 % of soil mass in the treatment with plants and respective soil rooting, but only 5 % when plants were absent. The formation of these stable macroaggregates proceeded with time. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents were elevated by 15 % in the large macroaggregates induced by plant growth. However, the recovery of EPS-derived 13C was below 20 % after 4 weeks, indicating rapid turnover in treatments both with and without plants. The remaining EPS-derived C was mainly found in macroaggregates when plants were present and in the occluded small microaggregates (<20 µm) when plants were absent. The excess of bacterial 15N closely followed the pattern of EPS-derived 13C (R2 = 0.72). In contrast to the organic gluing agents, the goethite-57Fe and montmorillonite-29Si were relatively equally distributed across all size fractions. Overall, microaggregates were formed within weeks. Roots enforced this process by stabilizing microaggregates within stable macroaggregates. As time proceeded the labelled organic components decomposed, while the labelled secondary oxides and clay minerals increasingly contributed to aggregate stabilization and turnover at the scale of months and beyond. Consequently, the well-known hierarchical organization of aggregation follows a clear chronological sequence of stabilization and turnover processes.
000911173 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173$$a2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact (POF4-217)$$cPOF4-217$$fPOF IV$$x0
000911173 536__ $$0G:(GEPRIS)251268514$$aDFG project 251268514 - FOR 2179: MAD Soil - Microaggregates: Formation and turnover of the structural building blocks of soils (251268514)$$c251268514$$x1
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000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMeyer, Nele$$b1
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRodionov, Andrey$$b2
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKnief, Claudia$$b3
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAehnelt, Michaela$$b4
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBauke, Sara L.$$b5
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBiesgen, Danh$$b6
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDultz, Stefan$$b7
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGuggenberger, Georg$$b8
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJaber, Maguy$$b9
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129484$$aKlumpp, Erwin$$b10$$ufzj
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKögel-Knabner, Ingrid$$b11
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)157638$$aNischwitz, Volker$$b12
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchweizer, Steffen A.$$b13
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)138881$$aWu, Bei$$b14$$ufzj
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTotsche, Kai U.$$b15
000911173 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLehndorff, Eva$$b16
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