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@ARTICLE{Engelpracht:911221,
      author       = {Engelpracht, Mirko and Kohrn, Markus and Tillmanns, Dominik
                      and Seiler, Jan and Bardow, André},
      title        = {{W}aste {H}eat to {P}ower: {F}ull‐{C}ycle {A}nalysis of a
                      {T}hermally {R}egenerative {F}low {B}attery},
      journal      = {Energy technology},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {2194-4288},
      address      = {Weinheim [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04526},
      pages        = {2200152 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Large amounts of waste heat, below 120 °C, are released
                      globally by industry. To convert this low-temperature waste
                      heat to power, thermally regenerative flow batteries (TRFBs)
                      have recently been studied. Most analyses focus on either
                      the discharging or the regeneration phase. However, both
                      phases have to be considered to holistically assess the
                      performance of the flow battery. Therefore, a dynamic,
                      open-access, full-cycle model of a Cu–NH3 TRFB is
                      developed in Modelica and validated with data from the
                      literature. Based on the validated model, a trade-off
                      between power density and efficiency is shown that depends
                      only on the discharging strategy of the flow battery. For a
                      sensible heat source with an inlet temperature of 120 °C
                      and heat transfer at a thermodynamic mean temperature of
                      about 90 °C, the power density reaches 38 W m−2
                      over a complete cycle, and the efficiency reaches $20\%$ of
                      Carnot efficiency. In a benchmarking study, the power
                      production of the flow battery is shown to already achieve
                      $34\%$ of a fully optimized organic Rankine cycle. Thus,
                      TRFBs require further optimization to become a competitive
                      technology for power production and energy storage from
                      low-temperature waste heat.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000814169800001},
      doi          = {10.1002/ente.202200152},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911221},
}