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@ARTICLE{Rademacher:911328,
      author       = {Rademacher, Lars and Beglau, Thi Hai Yen and Karakas,
                      Özgür and Spieß, Alex and Woschko, Dennis and Heinen,
                      Tobias and Barthel, Juri and Janiak, Christoph},
      title        = {{S}ynthesis of tin nanoparticles on {K}etjen {B}lack in
                      ionic liquid and water for the hydrogen evolution reaction},
      journal      = {Electrochemistry communications},
      volume       = {136},
      issn         = {1388-2481},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04620},
      pages        = {107243 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Tin nanoparticles (Sn-NPs) embedded in Ketjen Black carbon
                      (KB) were synthesized from anhydrous tin(II) chloride by
                      reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of
                      different imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) or water and
                      tested towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in
                      electrocatalytic water splitting. Transmission and scanning
                      electron microscopy showed the formation of well distributed
                      Sn-NPs on KB with average sizes of 49 ± 25 to
                      96 ± 49 nm depending on the IL or water medium. Porosity
                      was investigated by nitrogen sorption measurements
                      indicating the preservation of the mesoporous structure of
                      KB with BET surface areas in the range of 276 to 568 m2
                      g−1 and total pore volumes of 0.38 to 0.75 cm3 g−1. The
                      metal content of the Sn/KB composites was determined by
                      thermogravimetric analysis to be between 31 and $46 wt\%.$
                      Sn/KB synthesized in HCl/H2O showed a better performance
                      towards HER with an overpotential of 136 mV compared to the
                      overpotential of the other samples synthesized in IL ranging
                      between 205 and 319 mV. Tafel analysis yielded a slope of
                      120 mV dec−1 and a low charge transfer resistance
                      confirmed the good performance of Sn/KB synthesized in
                      HCl/H2O. After stability test the sample synthesized in the
                      IL [HO-EMIm][BF4] demonstrated an improved performance with
                      an overpotential of 166 mV.},
      cin          = {ER-C-2},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-2-20170209},
      pnm          = {5353 - Understanding the Structural and Functional Behavior
                      of Solid State Systems (POF4-535)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000791626800006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107243},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911328},
}