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@INPROCEEDINGS{Daniel:911503,
      author       = {Daniel, Davis Thomas and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Granwehr,
                      Josef},
      title        = {{L}aplace inverted pulsed {EPR} relaxation to study polymer
                      electrode/conductive carbon contact in lithium-ion battery},
      school       = {Utrecht University},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04765},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The addition of conductive additives during electrode
                      fabrication is a standard practice tomitigate low intrinsic
                      conductivities of most cathode materials used in Li-ion
                      batteries. Toensure an optimal conduction pathway, these
                      conductive additives (carbon particles) need tobe in good
                      contact with the active material. This aspect is crucial for
                      Organic Polymer Radicalbatteries (ORB) where the insulating
                      polymer backbone could hinder the conductive contactbetween
                      redox-active groups and the carbon particles.Herein, we
                      demonstrate the combined use of Pulsed-EPR relaxometry and
                      Inverse LaplaceTransform (ILT) to study such electronic
                      contact. The investigated system comprises of
                      PTMAnitroxides, a commonly used redox unit in ORBs, and
                      SuperP carbon black as the conductiveadditive. Samples with
                      varying PTMA monomer to SuperP ratios (2:1 to 1:30) were
                      preparedby adding nitroxide solutions to SuperP, followed by
                      drying at 60°C. Pulsed-EPR basedInversion recovery
                      experiments (30K) were conducted to obtain T₁ relaxation
                      curves andILT[1] was used to obtain the corresponding
                      relaxation time distributions. For 1:2, therelaxation
                      distribution consists of three resolved relaxation
                      components corresponding todifferent grades of contact
                      between the carbon particles and the nitroxide radicals.
                      Uponincreasing the SuperP amount in the 1:20 sample, more
                      nitroxide radicals are brought intocontact with SuperP,
                      resulting in a decrease of the slower relaxing component and
                      an increaseof the faster relaxing components. Exchange
                      interactions between the spins lead tocoalescence of
                      spectral features making it difficult to separate these
                      components in the EPRspectrum itself.Our analysis suggests
                      that the composition of the electrode is a key factor in
                      determining thequality of active material/conductive carbon
                      contact and that pulsed EPR relaxometry incombination with
                      ILT may serve as a robust tool to study these
                      interactions.[1] J. Granwehr, P. J. Roberts, J. Chem. Theory
                      Comput. 2012, 8, 3473–3482.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2022-07-10},
      organization  = {European Magnetic Resonance Meeting
                       2022, Utrecht (Netherlands), 10 Jul
                       2022 - 14 Jul 2022},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / Insight into
                      doping mechanisms of polymer electrolyte / redox-active
                      organic radical polymer lamellar composites (441255373) /
                      HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in
                      Energy and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(GEPRIS)441255373 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911503},
}