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@ARTICLE{Emamian:911514,
      author       = {Emamian, Farnoosh and Mahdipour, Mostafa and Noori,
                      Khadijeh and Rostampour, Masoumeh and Mousavi, S. Bentolhoda
                      and Khazaie, Habibolah and Khodaie-Ardakani, Mohammadreza
                      and Tahmasian, Masoud and Zarei, Mojtaba},
      title        = {{A}lterations of {S}ubcortical {B}rain {S}tructures in
                      {P}aradoxical and {P}sychophysiological {I}nsomnia
                      {D}isorder},
      journal      = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1664-0640},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04775},
      pages        = {661286},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Insomnia disorder (ID) is a common illness associated with
                      mood and cognitive impairments. Subtyping ID is an ongoing
                      debate in sleep medicine, but the underlying mechanisms of
                      each subtype is poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests
                      that subcortical brain structures play the key roles in
                      pathophysiology of ID and its subtypes. Here, we aimed to
                      investigate structural alteration of subcortical regions in
                      patients with two common ID subtypes i.e., paradoxical and
                      psychophysiological insomnia. Fifty-five patients and 49
                      healthy controls were recruited for this study and
                      T1-weighted images and subjective and objective sleep
                      parameters (i.e., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and
                      polysomnography) were collected from participants.
                      Subcortical structures including the hippocampus, amygdala,
                      caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and
                      thalamus were automatically segmented in FSL. Volume and
                      shape (using surface vertices) of each structure were
                      compared between the groups, controlled for covariates, and
                      corrected for multiple comparisons. In addition,
                      correlations of sleep parameters and surface vertices or
                      volumes were calculated. The caudate's volume was smaller in
                      patients than controls. Compared with controls, we found
                      regional shrinkage in the caudate, nucleus accumbens,
                      posterior putamen, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala in
                      paradoxical insomnia and shrinkage in the amygdala, caudate,
                      hippocampus, and putamen in psychophysiological insomnia.
                      Interestingly, comparing two patients groups, shape
                      alteration in the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens in
                      paradoxical insomnia and shrinkage in the thalamus,
                      amygdala, and hippocampus in psychophysiological insomnia
                      were observed. Both subjective and objective sleep
                      parameters were associated with these regional shape
                      alterations in patients. Our results support the
                      differential role of subcortical brain structures in
                      pathophysiology of paradoxical and psychophysiological
                      insomnia.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34025484},
      UT           = {WOS:000652501400001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661286},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911514},
}