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@INPROCEEDINGS{Brger:911556,
      author       = {Börger, Kristian and Belt, Alexander and Kandler, Alica
                      and Schultze, Thorsten and Arnold, Lukas},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation of smoke characteristics by photometric
                      measurements},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-04816},
      pages        = {14},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Visibility in case of fire can be predicted from CFD
                      simulations as a major tenability criterion within the scope
                      of performance-based safety concepts. Indications that light
                      extinction might be significantly overestimated by numerical
                      fire models [McGrattan, 2022] have been confirmed by
                      experimental investigations and simulations [Arnold, 2021]
                      with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). For this purpose, a
                      novel photometric approach was applied in the context of EN
                      54 [EN54, 2002] test fires among established measurement
                      methods for the determination of spatial and temporal
                      resolved light extinction coefficients. Common DSLR cameras
                      capture the relative change in the intensity of individual
                      light sources (LEDs) due to fire smoke. Based on geometrical
                      optics as well as the Beer-Lambert’s law, an inverse model
                      deduces local values of the extinction coefficient, assuming
                      a homogeneous smoke layering. Both, the quality, and the
                      scope of the experimental setup have been incrementally
                      optimized and extended. Potential sources of error were
                      examined, such as temperature-related effects on the LEDs’
                      intensity. Besides the spatial resolution of the smoke
                      density, the focus of recent investigations is on the
                      in-depth smoke characteristics. For this reason, light
                      obscuration was assessed at multiple wavelengths.
                      Furthermore, aging of aerosols was analyzed by measuring the
                      change in particle size distribution at different heights of
                      the smoke layering. This paper introduces an innovative
                      approach for the acquisition of reliable data to validate
                      the prediction of smoke propagation by numerical fire
                      models. The extensive dataset of the latest investigation
                      covers n-heptane pool fires as well as wood smoldering fires
                      according to EN 54.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2022-09-12},
      organization  = {Fire and Evacuation Modeling Technical
                       Conference (FEMTC) 2022, Brno (Czech
                       Republic), 12 Sep 2022 - 14 Sep 2022},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / PhD no Grant -
                      Doktorand ohne besondere Förderung (PHD-NO-GRANT-20170405)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / G:(DE-Juel1)PHD-NO-GRANT-20170405},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911556},
}