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| 001 | 911778 | ||
| 005 | 20230328130146.0 | ||
| 024 | 7 | _ | |a 10.1371/journal.pone.0277365 |2 doi |
| 024 | 7 | _ | |a 2128/32874 |2 Handle |
| 024 | 7 | _ | |a 36395095 |2 pmid |
| 024 | 7 | _ | |a WOS:000926013600066 |2 WOS |
| 037 | _ | _ | |a FZJ-2022-05029 |
| 082 | _ | _ | |a 610 |
| 100 | 1 | _ | |a Ilić, Marija |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 0 |e First author |
| 245 | _ | _ | |a Surface functional groups and degree of carbonization of selected chars from different processes and feedstock |
| 260 | _ | _ | |a San Francisco, California, US |c 2022 |b PLOS |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |a article |2 DRIVER |
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| 520 | _ | _ | |a The knowledge of the structural and chemical properties of biochars is decisive for their application as technical products. For this reason, methods for the characterization of biochars that are generally applicable and allow quality control are highly desired. Several methods that have shown potential in other studies were used to investigate two activated carbons and seven biochars from different processes and feedstock. The chars were chosen to cover a wide range of chemical composition and structuralproperties as a hardness test for the analytical methods used in this study. Specific problems connected with the pretreatment of samples and drawbacks of somemethods for some types of chars could be identified in an integrated consideration of the results from different methods. None of the spectroscopic methods was found to besuitable for the quality control of all types of chars. The most valuable results were obtained by chemical analysis that, however, required the complete determination ofthe main elements, including that of oxygen, and of inorganic components for adequate results. The combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IRspectroscopy allows a rough characterization of surface functional groups, but cannot discriminate aliphatic and aromatic OH groups. FT-IR might be a suitable method forthe quality control of biochars made at lower temperature. The results of Raman spectroscopy did not well correlate with the amount of sp2 hybridized carbondetermined by XPS. A better correlation of XPS data was found with the electrical polarization determined by the method of spectral induced polarization that was usedfor the first time in conjunction with extensive analytical characterization. |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Haegel, Franz-Hubert |0 P:(DE-Juel1)129465 |b 1 |e Corresponding author |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Lolić, Aleksandar |b 2 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Nedić, Zoran |b 3 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Tosti, Tomislav |0 0000-0002-1403-4688 |b 4 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Ignjatović, Ivana Sredović |0 0000-0002-2471-9242 |b 5 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Linden, Andreas |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 6 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Jablonowski, Nicolai D. |0 P:(DE-Juel1)129475 |b 7 |u fzj |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Hartmann, Heinrich |0 P:(DE-Juel1)166271 |b 8 |u fzj |
| 773 | _ | _ | |a 10.1371/journal.pone.0277365 |g Vol. 17, no. 11, p. e0277365 - |0 PERI:(DE-600)2267670-3 |n 11 |p e0277365 - |t PLOS ONE |v 17 |y 2022 |x 1932-6203 |
| 856 | 4 | _ | |u https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911778/files/journal.pone.0277365.pdf |y OpenAccess |
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