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@ARTICLE{Legras:911849,
      author       = {Legras, Bernard and Duchamp, Clair and Sellitto, Pasquale
                      and Podglajen, Aurélien and Carboni, Elisa and Siddans,
                      Richard and Grooß, Jens-Uwe and Khaykin, Sergey and
                      Ploeger, Felix},
      title        = {{T}he evolution and dynamics of the {H}unga
                      {T}onga–{H}unga {H}a'apai sulfate aerosol plume in the
                      stratosphere},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-05097},
      pages        = {14957 - 14970},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {We use a combination of spaceborne instruments to study the
                      unprecedented stratospheric plume after the Tonga eruption
                      of 15 January 2022. The aerosol plume was initially formed
                      of two clouds at 30 and 28 km, mostly composed of
                      submicron-sized sulfate particles, without ash, which is
                      washed out within the first day following the eruption. The
                      large amount of injected water vapour led to a fast
                      conversion of SO2 to sulfate aerosols and induced a descent
                      of the plume to 24–26 km over the first 3 weeks by
                      radiative cooling. Whereas SO2 returned to background levels
                      by the end of January, volcanic sulfates and water still
                      persisted after 6 months, mainly confined between 35∘ S
                      and 20∘ N until June due to the zonal symmetry of the
                      summer stratospheric circulation at 22–26 km. Sulfate
                      particles, undergoing hygroscopic growth and coagulation,
                      sediment and gradually separate from the moisture anomaly
                      entrained in the ascending branch Brewer–Dobson
                      circulation. Sulfate aerosol optical depths derived from the
                      IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) infrared
                      sounder show that during the first 2 months, the aerosol
                      plume was not simply diluted and dispersed passively but
                      rather organized in concentrated patches. Space-borne lidar
                      winds suggest that those structures, generated by
                      shear-induced instabilities, are associated with vorticity
                      anomalies that may have enhanced the duration and impact of
                      the plume.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211) / 2A1 - REKLIM (CARF -
                      CCA) (POF4-2A1)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2A1},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000889322700001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-22-14957-2022},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/911849},
}