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000912324 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0012.1
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000912324 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aVoigt, Christiane$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000912324 245__ $$aCleaner Skies during the COVID-19 Lockdown
000912324 260__ $$aBoston, Mass.$$bASM$$c2022
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000912324 520__ $$aDuring spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive reductions in emissions from industry and ground and airborne transportation. To explore the resulting atmospheric composition changes, we conducted the BLUESKY campaign with two research aircraft and measured trace gases, aerosols, and cloud properties from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere. From 16 May to 9 June 2020, we performed 20 flights in the early COVID-19 lockdown phase over Europe and the Atlantic Ocean. We found up to 50% reductions in boundary layer nitrogen dioxide concentrations in urban areas from GOME-2B satellite data, along with carbon monoxide reductions in the pollution hot spots. We measured 20%–70% reductions in total reactive nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and fine mode aerosol concentration in profiles over German cities compared to a 10-yr dataset from passenger aircraft. The total aerosol mass was significantly reduced below 5 km altitude, and the organic aerosol fraction also aloft, indicative of decreased organic precursor gas emissions. The reduced aerosol optical thickness caused a perceptible shift in sky color toward the blue part of the spectrum (hence BLUESKY) and increased shortwave radiation at the surface. We find that the 80% decline in air traffic led to substantial reductions in nitrogen oxides at cruise altitudes, in contrail cover, and in resulting radiative forcing. The light extinction and depolarization by cirrus were also reduced in regions with substantially decreased air traffic. General circulation–chemistry model simulations indicate good agreement with the measurements when applying a reduced emission scenario. The comprehensive BLUESKY dataset documents the major impact of anthropogenic emissions on the atmospheric composition.
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000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLelieveld, Jos$$b1
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchlager, Hans$$b2
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130949$$aSchneider, Johannes$$b3
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCurtius, Joachim$$b4
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMeerkötter, Ralf$$b5
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSauer, Daniel$$b6
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBugliaro, Luca$$b7
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)2693$$aBohn, Birger$$b8$$ufzj
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCrowley, John N.$$b9
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aErbertseder, Thilo$$b10
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGroß, Silke$$b11
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHahn, Valerian$$b12
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)177066$$aLi, Qiang$$b13$$ufzj
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMertens, Mariano$$b14
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPöhlker, Mira L.$$b15
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPozzer, Andrea$$b16
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchumann, Ulrich$$b17
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTomsche, Laura$$b18
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWilliams, Jonathan$$b19
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZahn, Andreas$$b20
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndreae, Meinrat$$b21
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBorrmann, Stephan$$b22
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBräuer, Tiziana$$b23
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDörich, Raphael$$b24
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDörnbrack, Andreas$$b25
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEdtbauer, Achim$$b26
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aErnle, Lisa$$b27
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFischer, Horst$$b28
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGiez, Andreas$$b29
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGranzin, Manuel$$b30
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGrewe, Volker$$b31
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHarder, Hartwig$$b32
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHeinritzi, Martin$$b33
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHolanda, Bruna A.$$b34
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)188765$$aJöckel, Patrick$$b35
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKaiser, Katharina$$b36
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKrüger, Ovid O.$$b37
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLucke, Johannes$$b38
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMarsing, Andreas$$b39
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMartin, Anna$$b40
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMatthes, Sigrun$$b41
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPöhlker, Christopher$$b42
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPöschl, Ulrich$$b43
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aReifenberg, Simon$$b44
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRingsdorf, Akima$$b45
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aScheibe, Monika$$b46
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTadic, Ivan$$b47
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZauner-Wieczorek, Marcel$$b48
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHenke, Rolf$$b49
000912324 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRapp, Markus$$b50
000912324 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2029396-3$$a10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0012.1$$gVol. 103, no. 8, p. E1796 - E1827$$n8$$pE1796 - E1827$$tBulletin of the American Meteorological Society$$v103$$x0003-0007$$y2022
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