TY - JOUR AU - Freye, Florian AU - Lou, Jie AU - Bengel, Christopher AU - Menzel, Stephan AU - Wiefels, Stefan AU - Gemmeke, Tobias TI - Memristive Devices for Time Domain Compute-in-Memory JO - IEEE journal on exploratory solid-state computational devices and circuits VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 2329-9231 CY - New York, NY PB - IEEE M1 - FZJ-2022-05683 SP - 119 - 127 PY - 2022 AB - Analog compute schemes and compute-in-memory (CIM) have emerged in an effort to reduce the increasing power hunger of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which exceeds the constraints of edge devices. Memristive device types are a relatively new offering with interesting opportunities for unexplored circuit concepts. In this work, the use of memristive devices in cascaded time-domain CIM (TDCIM) is introduced with the primary goal of reducing the size of fully unrolled architectures. The different effects influencing the determinism in memristive devices are outlined together with reliability concerns. Architectures for binary as well as multibit multiply and accumulate (MAC) cells are presented and evaluated. As more involved circuits offer more accurate compute result, a tradeoff between design effort and accuracy comes into the picture. To further evaluate this tradeoff, the impact of variations on overall compute accuracy is discussed. The presented cells reach an energy/OP of 0.23 fJ at a size of 1.2 μm2 for binary and 6.04 fJ at 3.2 μm2 for 4×4 bit MAC operations. LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)16 UR - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000915312400008 DO - DOI:10.1109/JXCDC.2022.3217098 UR - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/912510 ER -