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@ARTICLE{Filser:912532,
      author       = {Filser, Melanie and Buchner, Axel and Fink, Gereon Rudolf
                      and Gold, Stefan M. and Penner, Iris-Katharina},
      title        = {{T}he manifestation of affective symptoms in multiple
                      sclerosis and discussion of the currently available
                      diagnostic assessment tools},
      journal      = {Journal of neurology},
      volume       = {270},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0340-5354},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-05705},
      pages        = {171-207},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {AbstractIntroduction In addition to physical and cognitive
                      symptoms, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an
                      increased riskof experiencing mental health problems.Methods
                      This narrative review provides an overview of the appearance
                      and epidemiology of affective symptoms in MS suchas
                      depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, euphoria, and
                      pseudobulbar affect. Furthermore, the association between
                      affectivesymptoms and quality of life and the currently used
                      diagnostic instruments for assessing these symptoms are
                      consideredwhereby relevant studies published between 2009
                      and 2021 were included in the review.Results Patients with
                      mild and moderate disability more frequently reported severe
                      problems with depression and anxietythan severe mobility
                      problems. Apart from the occurrence of depression, little is
                      known about the association of other affectivesymptoms such
                      as anxiety, bipolar disorder, euphoria, and pseudobulbar
                      affect and subsyndromal symptoms, which failto meet the
                      diagnostic criteria but are nevertheless a significant
                      source of distress. Although there are a few
                      recommendationsin the research to perform routine screenings
                      for diagnosable affective disorders, a standardized
                      diagnostic procedureto assess subsyndromal symptoms is still
                      lacking. As the applied measurements are diverse and show
                      low accuracy to detectthese symptoms, patients who
                      experience affective symptoms are less likely to be
                      identified.Discussion In addition to the consideration of
                      definite psychiatric diagnoses, there is an unmet need for a
                      common definitionand assessment of disease-related affective
                      symptoms in MS. Future studies should focus on the
                      improvement andstandardization of a common diagnostic
                      procedure for subsyndromal affective symptoms in MS to
                      enable integrated andoptimal care for patients.Keywords
                      Multiple sclerosis · Affective symptoms · Mental health ·
                      Diagnostic assessment tools · Quality of life},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36129540},
      UT           = {WOS:000858335900001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00415-022-11359-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/912532},
}