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@INPROCEEDINGS{Cohnen:915938,
      author       = {Cohnen, Jens and Ohrem, Benedict and Dombinov, Vitalij and
                      Klose, Holger and Jablonowski, Nicolai David},
      title        = {{E}valuating the effects of various fertilizers on
                      safflower ({C}arthamus tinctorius) growth and performance in
                      sand under outdoor lysimeter conditions},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-05801},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Aim and approach used: In terms of a sustainable
                      bio-economy, biogenic materials need to be uncovered to
                      replace fossil resources without competing for food or feed
                      production on finite land resources. In addition, the
                      lignite excavation region in the Lower Rhine area in Western
                      Germany experiences structural changes due to the political
                      decision to phase out the lignite mining to support climate
                      change mitigation. Therefore, the investigation of
                      alternative cropping systems is important for the economic
                      utilization of the marginal sandy areas inside the lignite
                      mining sites, also aiming for the development of local
                      economies. The annual plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
                      has long been used for its oil and coloring potential. It
                      develops deep rooting systems improving the soil quality and
                      can be grown in arid areas. To test its potential as a
                      multi-purpose crop in the reclamation of sandy lignite
                      mining areas, we planted safflower in 1 m3 lysimeters filled
                      with sand under outdoor conditions, applying the following
                      fertilizer treatments: (i) NPK mineral fertilizer, (ii)
                      digestate obtained from a commercial biogas facility
                      operating with maize silage, (iii) DüngMe®, a commercial
                      solid fertilizer produced of dried and pelletized
                      maize-silage-based digestate, (iv) intercropping with the
                      legume Trifolium repens, sown in three seeding densities,
                      equaling 43.75, 87.5 and 175 kg seeds/ha, and (v) no
                      fertilizer application. All fertilizers were applied approx.
                      20 cm below each planting row equaling 50, 100, or 200 kg
                      N/ha, aiming for depot fertilization, comparable to the
                      CULTAN approach.Scientific innovation and relevance: The
                      smart reclamation of non-utilized sandy mining terraces in
                      the lignite extraction areas offers the benefits of soil
                      improvement and erosion control, supporting biodiversity.
                      Additionally, safflower is used as a multi-purpose crop
                      producing oil and coloring agents, applicable for energy,
                      and as a resource for the chemical or food industry,
                      respectively. The evaluation of the applied cropping systems
                      using digestate as an organic fertilizer for soil
                      improvement and plant growth promotion compared with NPK and
                      other outlined alternative fertilizers, offers also new
                      opportunities to close local nutrient cycles for plant
                      biomass production while increasing the added value of such
                      residues simultaneously.Results or preliminary results and
                      conclusions: Preliminary results clearly show the advantage
                      of digestate depot fertilization on plant height and biomass
                      yield over DüngMe®, legume intercropping, and
                      no-fertilizer treatment when used in sand, being in a
                      similar magnitude compared with NPK fertilization. The
                      results obtained from the various fertilizer treatments on
                      plant cell wall composition and quantity and quality of the
                      natural dye source for the orange-red pigment carthamin
                      extracted from the petals will be presented at the EUBCE
                      2022.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2022-05-09},
      organization  = {30th European Biomass Conference $\&$
                       Exhibit, online (Germany), 9 May 2022 -
                       12 May 2022},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/915938},
}