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@ARTICLE{Brogi:916092,
author = {Brogi, Cosimo and Bogena, Heye and Köhli, Markus and
Huisman, Johan Alexander and Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan
and Dombrowski, Olga},
title = {{F}easibility of irrigation monitoring with cosmic-ray
neutron sensors},
journal = {Geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
issn = {2193-0856},
address = {Göttingen},
publisher = {Copernicus Publ.},
reportid = {FZJ-2022-05932},
pages = {451 - 469},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Accurate soil moisture (SM) monitoring is key in irrigation
as it can greatly improve water use efficiency. Recently,
cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) have been recognized as a
promising tool in SM monitoring due to their large footprint
of several hectares. CRNSs also have great potential for
irrigation applications, but few studies have investigated
whether irrigation monitoring with CRNSs is feasible,
especially for irrigated fields with a size smaller than the
CRNS footprint. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use
Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the feasibility of
monitoring irrigation with CRNSs. This was achieved by
simulating irrigation scenarios with different field
dimensions (from 0.5 to 8 ha) and SM variations between
0.05 and 0.50 cm3 cm−3. Moreover, the energy-dependent
response functions of eight moderators with different
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) thickness or additional
gadolinium thermal shielding were investigated. It was found
that a considerable part of the neutrons that contribute to
the CRNS footprint can originate outside an irrigated field,
which is a challenge for irrigation monitoring with CRNSs.
The use of thin HDPE moderators (e.g. 5 mm) generally
resulted in a smaller footprint and thus stronger
contributions from the irrigated area. However, a thicker
25 mm HDPE moderator with gadolinium shielding improved SM
monitoring in irrigated fields due to a higher sensitivity
of neutron counts with changing SM. This moderator and
shielding set-up provided the highest chance of detecting
irrigation events, especially when the initial SM was
relatively low. However, variations in SM outside a 0.5 or
1 ha irrigated field (e.g. due to irrigation of
neighbouring fields) can affect the count rate more than SM
variations due to irrigation. This suggests the importance
of retrieving SM data from the surrounding of a target field
to obtain more meaningful information for supporting
irrigation management, especially for small irrigated
fields.},
cin = {IBG-3},
ddc = {550},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
pnm = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
(POF4-217)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000898860000001},
doi = {10.5194/gi-11-451-2022},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916092},
}