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@ARTICLE{Chibuko:916163,
      author       = {Chibuko, Uchechi and Merdzhanova, Tsvetelina and Weigand,
                      Daniel and Ezema, Fabian and Agbo, Solomon and Rau, Uwe and
                      Astakhov, Oleksandr},
      title        = {{M}odule-level direct coupling in {PV}-battery power unit
                      under realistic irradiance and load},
      journal      = {Solar energy},
      volume       = {249},
      issn         = {0038-092x},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-05983},
      pages        = {233 - 241},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {A photovoltaic (PV) module, battery and consumer or load is
                      usually tied together by a complex power electronics,
                      including maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device for
                      power coupling to maximize output of the PV modules. At the
                      same time, a typical battery itself can play the role of a
                      power coupling element in addition to its main energy
                      storage function. In principle, a properly chosen PV-battery
                      pair can maintain a high degree of internal power coupling
                      even under variable irradiance and load without MPPT
                      electronics. This option is of interest for e.g.
                      module-level integration of PV and battery to cope with
                      natural intermittency of a PV module power output. In this
                      work, we experimentally examine the function of a laboratory
                      scale unit of a 7-cell silicon heterojunction PV module
                      directly connected to a lithium-ion battery and variable
                      load. The unit is the simplest PV-battery module
                      representative for detailed study under a series of emulated
                      realistic profiles of irradiance and power consumption. The
                      directly coupled PV-battery unit shows coupling efficiencies
                      of above $99.8\%$ at high irradiance and approx. $98\%$ on
                      average through the daily cycle – a value that is
                      comparable to modern MPPT devices},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {1213 - Cell Design and Development (POF4-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1213},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000908341900002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.solener.2022.11.040},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916163},
}