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@INPROCEEDINGS{Ganesh:916178,
      author       = {Ganesh, Vishnu and Dorow-Gerspach, Daniel and Matejicek,
                      Jiri and Vilemova, Monika and Bram, Martin and Coenen, Jan
                      Willem and Wirtz, Marius and Pintsuk, Gerald and Theisen,
                      Werner and Linsmeier, Christian},
      title        = {{H}igh heat flux testing results of various {W}-{FGM}-steel
                      joints},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-05998},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {For a future commercial fusion reactor the First Wall of
                      the breeding blanket will require a joint between the
                      structural steel and the plasma facing material tungsten.
                      However, the difference in the coefficient of thermal
                      expansion (CTE) between them results in thermal stresses at
                      their interface during operation and this could result in
                      premature failure of the joint. A functionally graded
                      material (FGM), as an interlayer between tungsten and steel
                      could reduce these stresses. In this study two processes,
                      atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and spark plasma sintering
                      (SPS), are utilized to manufacture four different kinds of
                      W-FGM-steel stacks: the first two include FGMs prepared by
                      APS; W-V-75W-50W-25W-steel and W-50W-25W-steel, the other
                      two include FGMs made by SPS; W-75W-50W-25W-steel and
                      W-50W-25W-steel. This investigates: i) the influence of an
                      additional V-interlayer; ii) the comparison of APS- and
                      SPS-FGMs; and iii) the influence of FGM composition and
                      thickness. In all these W-FGM-steel stacks, with a surface
                      area of 12 mm x 12 mm, the thickness of each FGM sublayer
                      (75W, 50W, 25W) is about 0.5 mm, whereas the bulk-W and
                      bulk-steel are 3 mm thick. A sample of direct diffusion
                      bonded W-steel joint is used as a reference. A high heat
                      flux benchmark test was performed to investigate and compare
                      the potential of the different joining technologies. For
                      this, the stacks were soldered on a copper cooling module
                      and exposed to high stationary loads at the JUDITH-2
                      facility. At each power level of 1 MW/m2, 2 MW/m2, 3 MW/m2
                      and 4 MW/m2 the samples were subjected to a component
                      screening cycle to determine the component quality followed
                      by up to 200 on/off cycles (30/30 s). By monitoring the
                      surface temperature using an IR camera, the cooling
                      capabilities of each sample and any local overheating as
                      indication of bond failure can be determined.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2022-09-18},
      organization  = {32nd Symposium on Fusion Technology,
                       Dubrovnik (Croatia), 18 Sep 2022 - 24
                       Sep 2022},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {133 - Technologien und Materialien für die Fusion
                      (POF4-133)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-133},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916178},
}