000916353 001__ 916353 000916353 005__ 20240712112910.0 000916353 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41467-022-32917-6 000916353 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/33292 000916353 0247_ $$2pmid$$a36104335 000916353 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000853935100011 000916353 037__ $$aFZJ-2022-06154 000916353 082__ $$a500 000916353 1001_ $$00000-0003-1607-9748$$aSchäfer, Benjamin$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000916353 245__ $$aUnderstanding Braess’ Paradox in power grids 000916353 260__ $$a[London]$$bNature Publishing Group UK$$c2022 000916353 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000916353 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000916353 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1677580118_7385 000916353 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000916353 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000916353 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000916353 520__ $$aThe ongoing energy transition requires power grid extensions to connect renewable generators to consumers and to transfer power among distant areas. The process of grid extension requires a large investment of resources and is supposed to make grid operation more robust. Yet, counter-intuitively, increasing the capacity of existing lines or adding new lines may also reduce the overall system performance and even promote blackouts due to Braess’ paradox. Braess’ paradox was theoretically modeled but not yet proven in realistically scaled power grids. Here, we present an experimental setup demonstrating Braess’ paradox in an AC power grid and show how it constrains ongoing large-scale grid extension projects. We present a topological theory that reveals the key mechanism and predicts Braessian grid extensions from the network structure. 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